Science Without a Soul

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  • angelica wrote:
    "Recovery:

    Myth: Rehabilitation can be provided only after stabilization.
    Reality: Rehabilitation should begin on Day One.
    -- Dr. Courtenay Harding, University of Colorado School of Medicine

    Some of the most recent and hopeful news in schizophrenia research is emerging from studies in the field of psychosocial “rehab.” New studies challenge several long-held myths in psychiatry about the inability of people with schizophrenia to recover from their illness. It now appears that such myths, by maintaining an overall pessimism about outcomes, may significantly reduce patients' opportunities for improvement and/or recovery.

    In fact, the long-term perspective on schizophrenia should give everyone a renewed sense of hope and optimism. According to Dr. G. Gross, author of a 22-year study of 508 patients with schizophrenia:

    ...schizophrenia does not seem to be a disease of slow, progressive deterioration. Even in the second and third decades of illness, there is still potential for full or partial recovery.”
    After three decades of empirical study, it is now clear that good rehabilitation programs are an important part of treatment strategy. In addition, where family input is solicited and families are included as part of the treatment "team", patient outcomes are greatly improved.

    Families need and want education, information, coping and communication skills, emotional support, and to be treated as collaborators. For this reason, knowledgeable clinicians will make a special effort to involve family members. Once a relationship is established, clinician, patient and family can work together to identify needs and appropriate interventions. Everyone should be able to have realistic yet optimistic expectations about improvement and possible recovery.

    Studies show that families who are supportive, non-judgmental, and, most especially, non-critical-can do much to help patients recover. On the other hand, patients who are around chaotic or volatile family members usually have a more difficult time, and have to return to hospital more often.

    Since we now know this, it is important for family members to assess their own coping skills and try to anticipate and adapt to the ups and downs of the illness. Calm assurance, assistance, and support from family members can make a difference to the person with schizophrenia."
    http://www.mentalhealth.com/book/p40-sc02.html#Head_3
    Yes Angelica, the key word here being "TREATMENT". Both medicinal and theraputic. The term recovery does not indicate absense of treatment. It means getting the patient to a position of management of their disease.
    "When you're climbing to the top, you'd better know the way back down" MSB
  • angelicaangelica Posts: 6,038
    Yes Angelica, the key word here being "TREATMENT". Both medicinal and theraputic. The term recovery does not indicate absense of treatment. It means getting the patient to a position of management of their disease.
    Throughout this thread I have advocated treatment. I have advocated patient-centred recovery-based treatment.

    Remember, you assumed I was advocating non-treatment. You were not able to back that up because it was an inaccurate assumption.
    "The opposite of a fact is falsehood, but the opposite of one profound truth may very well be another profound truth." ~ Niels Bohr

    http://www.myspace.com/illuminatta

    Rhinocerous Surprise '08!!!
  • angelica wrote:
    Throughout this thread I have advocated treatment. I have advocated patient-centred recovery-based treatment.

    Remember, you assumed I was advocating non-treatment. You were not able to back that up because it was an inaccurate assumption.
    What you advocated by posting the videos is that Psychiatry is detrimental to the health of humans. That it is a conspiracy of "power". What you advocated by posting your comments is that because you "recovered" and found a way to live without meds that it is something all patients should strive for. You sprinkled in there the "of course I support all choices" however you have to remember, a person in the throws of mental illness CANNOT make reasonable choices. Their thinking is skewed and their ability to process realitly is tainted. Therefore, putting them in a position to say "hey, I don't HAVE to take meds. I can control this on my own. Doctors have a negative agenda." is irresponsible and dangerous.

    Would you advocate for a cancer patient who goes into remission to forego further maintenance of their disease because "hey they're cured"?

    What about the diabetic who got their blood sugar under control by changing their diet? WOuld you advocate that they no longer have to worry about needing insulin at a future date because to do so would undermine their recovery?

    So again, why should the disease of the brain be treated any differently?

    This said, I am not going to argue this point with you any further. I feel sad that this type of ignorance is perpetuated among mental health patients. I deal with it routinely and can assure you that very very VERY few patients ever find that their disease simply disappears as you are claiming. Until it happens on a regular basis, I will continue to advise people that this illness is no different from any other. Once you have it, it will require lifelong maintanence in order to cope and survive. Certainly each person is different and some may require a lifetime of meds and therapy, while others may simply need a tweek here and there. But overall, it will not completely go away and it will need to be kept at the forefront of their health care.
    "When you're climbing to the top, you'd better know the way back down" MSB
  • angelicaangelica Posts: 6,038
    It means getting the patient to a position of management of their disease.
    It looks like you are still unable to grasp the idea of full recovery:

    Here's a recap:

    "there is still potential for full or partial recovery"


    "Some people may have only one episode of schizophrenia in their lifetime."


    "Also, the wonderful and mysterious healing mechanisms of the body can correct the imbalance without drugs, in response to psychotherapy, and a change in the life events that led to the problem in the first place"


    When we have the presence of dis-ease it indicates dis-ease. And conversely, when we have an ongoing presence of lack of disease, it indicates lack of disease. That's different than management of existing disease.
    "The opposite of a fact is falsehood, but the opposite of one profound truth may very well be another profound truth." ~ Niels Bohr

    http://www.myspace.com/illuminatta

    Rhinocerous Surprise '08!!!
  • gue_bariumgue_barium Posts: 5,515
    mmhmmm. i sease.

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  • angelicaangelica Posts: 6,038
    I deal with it routinely and can assure you that very very VERY few patients ever find that their disease simply disappears....
    It's not a wonder, and this is exactly why I advocate for the mental health professionals to be held to account for their failures, as well.
    "The opposite of a fact is falsehood, but the opposite of one profound truth may very well be another profound truth." ~ Niels Bohr

    http://www.myspace.com/illuminatta

    Rhinocerous Surprise '08!!!
  • angelica wrote:
    It looks like you are still unable to grasp the idea of full recovery:

    Here's a recap:

    "there is still potential for full or partial recovery"


    "Some people may have only one episode of schizophrenia in their lifetime."


    "Also, the wonderful and mysterious healing mechanisms of the body can correct the imbalance without drugs, in response to psychotherapy, and a change in the life events that led to the problem in the first place"


    When we have the presence of dis-ease it indicates dis-ease. And conversely, when we have an ongoing presence of lack of disease, it indicates lack of disease. That's different than management of existing disease.

    Angelica what you are doing is managing your disease. You have found that lifestyle changes was what YOU required to feel healthy. That is great.

    However certain triggers related to your experience could very well cause a relapse. This is a fact of life that you would be remiss to ignore.
    "When you're climbing to the top, you'd better know the way back down" MSB
  • angelica wrote:
    It's not a wonder, and this is exactly why I advocate for the mental health professionals to be held to account for their failures, as well.
    It is not mental health professionals who fail when a patient refuses treatment.
    "When you're climbing to the top, you'd better know the way back down" MSB
  • angelicaangelica Posts: 6,038
    Angelica what you are doing is managing your disease. You have found that lifestyle changes was what YOU required to feel healthy. That is great.

    However certain triggers related to your experience could very well cause a relapse. This is a fact of life that you would be remiss to ignore.
    What you have said here is the exact point of this entire thread.
    It's interesting how you need to make it personal. And how you need to make me ill, even though I show no signs of dis-ease. You are imagining disease where none is manifest. This dis-ease you see is in your imagination.


    For the record, you could easily manifest mental dis-ease tomorrow, or the day after, so it looks to me like we're on the even playing field. Repressed trauma can resurface for you, too.
    "The opposite of a fact is falsehood, but the opposite of one profound truth may very well be another profound truth." ~ Niels Bohr

    http://www.myspace.com/illuminatta

    Rhinocerous Surprise '08!!!
  • gue_bariumgue_barium Posts: 5,515
    Angelica what you are doing is managing your disease. You have found that lifestyle changes was what YOU required to feel healthy. That is great.

    However certain triggers related to your experience could very well cause a relapse. This is a fact of life that you would be remiss to ignore.

    Actually, she's just posting on an internet message board.

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  • angelicaangelica Posts: 6,038
    It is not mental health professionals who fail when a patient refuses treatment.
    you referred to the patients you deal with routinely, that you assured us don't have their diseases disappear. You did not refer to ones who refuse treatment. It's my impression that generally the ones who refuse treatment are not routinely seeking out mental health professionals.
    I deal with it routinely and can assure you that very very VERY few patients ever find that their disease simply disappears
    "The opposite of a fact is falsehood, but the opposite of one profound truth may very well be another profound truth." ~ Niels Bohr

    http://www.myspace.com/illuminatta

    Rhinocerous Surprise '08!!!
  • angelicaangelica Posts: 6,038
    Unfortunately, the psychiatric model is not set up so that "dis-eases" disappear. Especially the "dis-eases" that exist only in the mind of the mental health professionals themselves. Patients cannot make those "dis-eases" disappear. Patients have no control over what the "professionals" think.
    "The opposite of a fact is falsehood, but the opposite of one profound truth may very well be another profound truth." ~ Niels Bohr

    http://www.myspace.com/illuminatta

    Rhinocerous Surprise '08!!!
  • soulsingingsoulsinging Posts: 13,202
    angelica wrote:
    I'm not sure what she thinks...I only know what she said, which regarded the idea that forced commitment happens for a grounded reasons.

    Again, I have not dismissed all psychiatry as a hoax. I look at it as a valid tool for the empowerment of the patient, which puts the patient on an even playing field as any self-respecting adult. When the patient is empowered and supported, they can make decisions in their best interests, as empowered individuals do. Any idea of having to convince patients of the chronicity of their symptoms to get them to take med they don't feel comfortable with is a control-play/power-struggle which adds the "professional" into the equation of imbalance, worsening the situation, and perpetuating imbalance.

    well i'd be shocked if anyone advocated other than this. in my understanding, psychiatrists behave just like doctors... offering their best medical opinion of the condition, their views on the most effective treatments, and then other alternatives and the risks associated with all. is this not how it is done (forced commitment due to emergency aside, in the same sense that a doctor doesn't wait for an unconscious gunshot victim to come round before operating).
  • soulsingingsoulsinging Posts: 13,202
    angelica wrote:
    What you have said here is the exact point of this entire thread.
    It's interesting how you need to make it personal. And how you need to make me ill, even though I show no signs of dis-ease. You are imagining disease where none is manifest. This dis-ease you see is in your imagination.


    For the record, you could easily manifest mental dis-ease tomorrow, or the day after, so it looks to me like we're on the even playing field. Repressed trauma can resurface for you, too.

    im on her side in this one. i have mental health issues of my own. i have recovered sans medicine due to lifestyle and thinking changes. nonetheless, i know that if certain triggers hit me at the right time, i could revert back to previous behaviors very quickly. i find it hard to believe it is not a possibility for anyone. just as a totally healthy person can develop sudden and powerful psychological problems through traumatic experiences.
  • angelicaangelica Posts: 6,038
    im on her side in this one. i have mental health issues of my own. i have recovered sans medicine due to lifestyle and thinking changes. nonetheless, i know that if certain triggers hit me at the right time, i could revert back to previous behaviors very quickly. i find it hard to believe it is not a possibility for anyone. just as a totally healthy person can develop sudden and powerful psychological problems through traumatic experiences.
    The idea of sides here is an illusion. We're all humans, hopefully evolving.

    Mental health is a continuum and any one of us can be hit tomorrow or the next day. We have no way of knowing.

    When someone has never experienced a mental health crisis and it happens, they are much less prepared and can be much more lost than one who has previously experienced a mental health crisis and has developed all kinds of resources.
    "The opposite of a fact is falsehood, but the opposite of one profound truth may very well be another profound truth." ~ Niels Bohr

    http://www.myspace.com/illuminatta

    Rhinocerous Surprise '08!!!
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    Obviously this video is skewed, a conspiracy theory like any other. It makes Wundt out to be a terrible person along side Skinner. But Wundt was the father of psychology and did many productive things.

    This video simply ignores the positive history of psychiatry. They mention the growing number of asylums, but this is incorrect. Most asylums in the United States have been closed down. The patients are either functioning in society with pharmacological treatment, or they are in prison now.

    Schizophrenia is a very real disease that is affected by SSRI's. It's not clear why, but blocking reuptake of seratonin (HT-5) in the synaptic cleft reduces the symptoms of schizophrenia. Similarly Fluoxetine (Prozac) works for OCD patients. The causes aren't known, but the treatments are effective, generally speaking.

    Currently, psychiatry is mostly non-invasive, with the occasional use of PET (positron emission tomography) where patients are required to drink a radioactive agent. This technology is being replaced by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) which are higher spatial and temporal resolution, non-invasive, brain imaging techniques.

    The diagnosticians job is a difficult one, hard for many to appreciate. Many disorders share symptoms. It can come down to determining between 100 different cases, and one unknown symptom or patient history can change the diagnosis. The popular television show House, is about a diagnostician with just these complaints. In the show, patients frequently mislead House by witholding information or lying, in which cases House tends to misdiagnose them. Although, House is a great diagnostician with a lifetime of experience, he's also a fictional character. Many doctors do not have that level of diagnostic expertise. Which is why Paul Churchland proposes a recurrent vector-coded artificial neural network to be trained on all medical knowledge and used as a diagnostician. Similar to the one in the video, but that one was linear processing, drastically different from recurrent vector processing which is an imitation of the human brain.

    Science doesn't consider souls for a good reason. There is no evidence of souls. "Science without bigfoot" might sound silly, but bigfoot shares the same objective properties as souls do. Similar statements "Science without fairies", "Science without aliens", "Science without Ki", "Science without Ghosts", etc..

    Try reading on recurrent vector processing neural networks. They aren't fictitious things made up by wacky doctors to make money. They are largely how the brain works. The intralaminar nucleus for example, has recurrent connections with most parts of the brain, and is implicated in the function of consciousness.

    Here is a short primer on recurrent neural networks, called Elman Network, also check out the following article on Hopfield Network

    The Engine of Reason, The Seat of the Soul is an excellent book on all this stuff by prof. Paul Churchland. It will explain better the system of recurrent networks, how they have been observed in the brain, how they have been modelled by NETTalk, Speak.Net, Gary Cottrell's face recognition and the silicon retina that functions exactly like a human retina!

    Good luck in your pursuit to discredit science.
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • soulsingingsoulsinging Posts: 13,202
    angelica wrote:
    The idea of sides here is an illusion. We're all humans, hopefully evolving.

    Mental health is a continuum and any one of us can be hit tomorrow or the next day. We have no way of knowing.

    When someone has never experienced a mental health crisis and it happens, they are much less prepared and can be much more lost than one who has previously experienced a mental health crisis and has developed all kinds of resources.

    but that does not mean the experienced one should be reckless or careless with respect to it.
  • angelicaangelica Posts: 6,038
    but that does not mean the experienced one should be reckless or careless with respect to it.
    No one has advocated being careless or reckless.
    "The opposite of a fact is falsehood, but the opposite of one profound truth may very well be another profound truth." ~ Niels Bohr

    http://www.myspace.com/illuminatta

    Rhinocerous Surprise '08!!!
  • gue_bariumgue_barium Posts: 5,515
    Ahnimus wrote:
    Obviously this video is skewed, a conspiracy theory like any other. It makes Wundt out to be a terrible person along side Skinner. But Wundt was the father of psychology and did many productive things.

    This video simply ignores the positive history of psychiatry. They mention the growing number of asylums, but this is incorrect. Most asylums in the United States have been closed down. The patients are either functioning in society with pharmacological treatment, or they are in prison now.

    Schizophrenia is a very real disease that is affected by SSRI's. It's not clear why, but blocking reuptake of seratonin (HT-5) in the synaptic cleft reduces the symptoms of schizophrenia. Similarly Fluoxetine (Prozac) works for OCD patients. The causes aren't known, but the treatments are effective, generally speaking.

    Currently, psychiatry is mostly non-invasive, with the occasional use of PET (positron emission tomography) where patients are required to drink a radioactive agent. This technology is being replaced by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) which are higher spatial and temporal resolution, non-invasive, brain imaging techniques.

    The diagnosticians job is a difficult one, hard for many to appreciate. Many disorders share symptoms. It can come down to determining between 100 different cases, and one unknown symptom or patient history can change the diagnosis. The popular television show House, is about a diagnostician with just these complaints. In the show, patients frequently mislead House by witholding information or lying, in which cases House tends to misdiagnose them. Although, House is a great diagnostician with a lifetime of experience, he's also a fictional character. Many doctors do not have that level of diagnostic expertise. Which is why Paul Churchland proposes a recurrent vector-coded artificial neural network to be trained on all medical knowledge and used as a diagnostician. Similar to the one in the video, but that one was linear processing, drastically different from recurrent vector processing which is an imitation of the human brain.

    Science doesn't consider souls for a good reason. There is no evidence of souls. "Science without bigfoot" might sound silly, but bigfoot shares the same objective properties as souls do. Similar statements "Science without fairies", "Science without aliens", "Science without Ki", "Science without Ghosts", etc..

    Try reading on recurrent vector processing neural networks. They aren't fictitious things made up by wacky doctors to make money. They are largely how the brain works. The intralaminar nucleus for example, has recurrent connections with most parts of the brain, and is implicated in the function of consciousness.

    Here is a short primer on recurrent neural networks, called Elman Network, also check out the following article on Hopfield Network

    The Engine of Reason, The Seat of the Soul is an excellent book on all this stuff by prof. Paul Churchland. It will explain better the system of recurrent networks, how they have been observed in the brain, how they have been modelled by NETTalk, Speak.Net, Gary Cottrell's face recognition and the silicon retina that functions exactly like a human retina!

    Good luck in your pursuit to discredit science.

    Way to go off-topic.

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  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    gue_barium wrote:
    Way to go off-topic.

    How is it off-topic?

    The point is that psychiatry is not using invasive techniques like the old frontal lobotomy and there are real reasons to use pharmacological treatments. New more humane developments and more efficient technology is coming down the pipeline. It costs millions of dollars to build an MEG, the mental health field isn't all about taking your money.
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • gue_bariumgue_barium Posts: 5,515
    Ahnimus wrote:
    How is it off-topic?

    The point is that psychiatry is not using invasive techniques like the old frontal lobotomy and there are real reasons to use pharmacological treatments. New more humane developments and more efficient technology is coming down the pipeline. It costs millions of dollars to build an MEG, the mental health field isn't all about taking your money.

    Yet there is a huge industry, a fraudulant industry at work under the guise of Science. That is the topic.

    I don't think anyone here is trying to discredit science.

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  • angelicaangelica Posts: 6,038
    gue_barium wrote:
    I don't think anyone here is trying to discredit science.
    Thank-you, gue.

    As usual, I don't have a problem with science, rather, apprently like Thomas Szasz, my issue is with scientism. Or the misuse of science in the name of science.
    "The opposite of a fact is falsehood, but the opposite of one profound truth may very well be another profound truth." ~ Niels Bohr

    http://www.myspace.com/illuminatta

    Rhinocerous Surprise '08!!!
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    gue_barium wrote:
    Yet there is a huge industry, a fraudulant industry at work under the guise of Science. That is the topic.

    I don't think anyone here is trying to discredit science.

    It's not fraudulent and no evidence has been provided to support that claim. All these statements are circumstantial.
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    Nowhere in that video did they deny Skinner's claim that humans can be trained as animals. There are several cases of this, feral children, for example.

    Spirituality is a very broad and general term, many more deaths have occurred under the guise of spirituality. So making claims about the dark history of psychiatry is completely hypocritical in this sense.

    As I pointed out, some of the claims are false. Asylums are not on the rise, they are on the decline. The Huronia Regional Centre in Orillia, ON closed down several years ago, and the patients are now either functioning partially in society, in prison or dead. The same goes for the United States, many prisons have had to readjust their facilities for the efflux of mentally ill, the prisons now attempt to provide treatment. Prison guards now provide the treatment, instead of psychiatrists specifically trained in the profession.
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • soulsingingsoulsinging Posts: 13,202
    angelica wrote:
    No one has advocated being careless or reckless.

    then this is just a glass is half full/empty issue. you two are arguing semantics. she is saying it requires a lifetime of consciousness of the propensity. you are saying it doesnt. but you admit not being careless or reckless is good. what is the practical difference? simply in how you phrase it? i feel like you are all splitting hairs.
  • gue_bariumgue_barium Posts: 5,515
    Ahnimus wrote:
    It's not fraudulent and no evidence has been provided to support that claim. All these statements are circumstantial.

    17, 000, 000 American kids on psychotropics. That's rather dubious, to me. How did the human race make it this far?

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  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    PBS Frontline has the word on asylums in the U.S.

    http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/view/


    Fewer than 55,000 Americans currently receive treatment in psychiatric hospitals. Meanwhile, almost 10 times that number -- nearly 500,000 -- mentally ill men and women are serving time in U.S. jails and prisons. As sheriffs and prison wardens become the unexpected and often ill-equipped caretakers of this burgeoning population, they raise a troubling new concern: Have America's jails and prisons become its new asylums?
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • gue_bariumgue_barium Posts: 5,515
    Ahnimus wrote:
    PBS Frontline has the word on asylums in the U.S.

    http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/view/


    Fewer than 55,000 Americans currently receive treatment in psychiatric hospitals. Meanwhile, almost 10 times that number -- nearly 500,000 -- mentally ill men and women are serving time in U.S. jails and prisons. As sheriffs and prison wardens become the unexpected and often ill-equipped caretakers of this burgeoning population, they raise a troubling new concern: Have America's jails and prisons become its new asylums?

    Your original concern was that science was being discredited.
    Maybe you should try elaborating on that.

    Some people are offended by the word "fuck."
    Apparently you're offended by the word, "soul."
    Please explain.
    Please give me a scientific explanation on the quantitative offensiveness of those words.

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  • angelicaangelica Posts: 6,038
    then this is just a glass is half full/empty issue. you two are arguing semantics. she is saying it requires a lifetime of consciousness of the propensity. you are saying it doesnt. but you admit not being careless or reckless is good. what is the practical difference? simply in how you phrase it? i feel like you are all splitting hairs.
    You are correct--it's a "glass half empty/half full argument. The view determines the outcome for each of us. For example, I don't accept her view when she puts me in a category of diseased, especially when there is no sign that I am. She has a vested interest to support her view and to pathologize mentally ill people. (granted, this is my subjective view of her view...and I'm sure to her, her reasons are valid, and seen with a positive slant) I have a vested interested in empowering myself, and empowering mentally ill people, even when others view my interests with a negative slant. Your "semantics" actually represent two diverse and yet well-known models of interpreting reality in terms of mental health issues. They are both purely subjective, although they can be traced in objective reality. Same goes for Ahnimus's subjective views that can be located in objective reality; or your own views. Or gue's...
    "The opposite of a fact is falsehood, but the opposite of one profound truth may very well be another profound truth." ~ Niels Bohr

    http://www.myspace.com/illuminatta

    Rhinocerous Surprise '08!!!
  • gue_bariumgue_barium Posts: 5,515
    angelica wrote:
    You are correct--it's a "glass half empty/half full argument. The view determines the outcome for each of us. For example, I don't accept her view when she puts me in a category of diseased, especially when there is no sign that I am. She has a vested interest to support her view and to pathologize mentally ill people. (granted, this is my subjective view of her view...and I'm sure to her, her reasons are valid, and seen with a positive slant) I have a vested interested in empowering myself, and empowering mentally ill people, even when others view my interests with a negative slant. Your "semantics" actually represent two diverse and yet well-known models of interpreting reality in terms of mental health issues. They are both purely subjective, although they can be traced in objective reality. Same goes for Ahnimus's subjective views that can be located in objective reality; or your own views. Or gue's...
    No. I pretty much say everything I say to get laid.

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