That is perfectly normal bri. A good immune response. Its working. I had those and more symptoms about 3am after having the shot at 2.30pm. My partner didn't get a response until a day later she has a thyroid disorder everything is slower with her. Pulse 49 ffs haha
Good to know, Rob, thank you! I've had some really tremendously bad flu bugs in the past so anything that feels like "sick" get me concerned. Knowing the way I feel is normal is reassuring!
I got pretty rocked between the 12-24 hour post injection time frame after the first Pfizer
I hear you, Weston. I'm getting my ass kicked down a couple flights on concrete stairs this morning from the first Moderna vacc. Woke up feeling like death warmed over and lower back pain that had me moaning. NOT looking forward to Moderna #2 (but will do it).
I don’t know of anyone who had a reaction to both, it’s been just one or the other. I didn’t even get a sore arm after dose 2.
2010: Cleveland 2012: Atlanta 2013: London ONT / Wrigley Field / Pittsburgh / Buffalo / San Diego / Los Angeles I / Los Angeles II 2014: Cincinnati / St. Louis / Tulsa / Lincoln / Detroit / Denver 2015: New York City 2016: Ft. Lauderdale / Miami / Jacksonville / Greenville / Hampton / Columbia / Lexington / Philly II / New York City II / Toronto II / Bonnaroo / Telluride / Fenway I / Wrigley I / Wrigley - II / TOTD - Philadelphia, San Francisco 2017: Ohana Fest (EV) 2018: Amsterdam I / Amsterdam II / Seattle I / Seattle II / Boston I / Boston II 2021: Asbury Park / Ohana Encore 1 / Ohana Encore 2 2022: Phoenix / LA I / LA II / Quebec City / Ottawa / New York City / Camden / Nashville / St. Louis / Denver 2023: St. Paul II 2024: Las Vegas I / Las Vegas II / New York City I / New York City II / Philly I / Philly II / Baltimore
That is perfectly normal bri. A good immune response. Its working. I had those and more symptoms about 3am after having the shot at 2.30pm. My partner didn't get a response until a day later she has a thyroid disorder everything is slower with her. Pulse 49 ffs haha
Good to know, Rob, thank you! I've had some really tremendously bad flu bugs in the past so anything that feels like "sick" get me concerned. Knowing the way I feel is normal is reassuring!
I got pretty rocked between the 12-24 hour post injection time frame after the first Pfizer
I hear you, Weston. I'm getting my ass kicked down a couple flights on concrete stairs this morning from the first Moderna vacc. Woke up feeling like death warmed over and lower back pain that had me moaning. NOT looking forward to Moderna #2 (but will do it).
I don’t know of anyone who had a reaction to both, it’s been just one or the other. I didn’t even get a sore arm after dose 2.
That is encouraging. I would love for dose #2 to be a walk in the park. I don't like feeling crappy and don't like being cranky (not that I ever really get cranky, riggggggght.)
“The fear of death follows from the fear of life. A man [or woman] who lives fully is prepared to die at any time.”
This is a bit odd (maybe not?)- my wife's arm got really sore today right after we got our first Moderna. I felt nothing. She also started feeling crumby and still has a sore arm. I felt nothing for the first 6 hours or so but now it's starting to hit me- sore arm, lower back pain, low grade fever, blah feeling.
I sometimes think I'm a bit dense. Maybe it's just that I'm a bit slow!
Probably just side effects of the microchip trying to find the perfect spot for implantation.
Glad to see so many of you are on your way to being protected.
2010: Cleveland 2012: Atlanta 2013: London ONT / Wrigley Field / Pittsburgh / Buffalo / San Diego / Los Angeles I / Los Angeles II 2014: Cincinnati / St. Louis / Tulsa / Lincoln / Detroit / Denver 2015: New York City 2016: Ft. Lauderdale / Miami / Jacksonville / Greenville / Hampton / Columbia / Lexington / Philly II / New York City II / Toronto II / Bonnaroo / Telluride / Fenway I / Wrigley I / Wrigley - II / TOTD - Philadelphia, San Francisco 2017: Ohana Fest (EV) 2018: Amsterdam I / Amsterdam II / Seattle I / Seattle II / Boston I / Boston II 2021: Asbury Park / Ohana Encore 1 / Ohana Encore 2 2022: Phoenix / LA I / LA II / Quebec City / Ottawa / New York City / Camden / Nashville / St. Louis / Denver 2023: St. Paul II 2024: Las Vegas I / Las Vegas II / New York City I / New York City II / Philly I / Philly II / Baltimore
I am in Phase 3 for Missouri...but got an email yesterday from DHHS that I can schedule my shot, so I'm getting my first shot tomorrow. I have a feeling that this has something to do with vaccines getting wasted. In any case, I am relieved.
This is a bit odd (maybe not?)- my wife's arm got really sore today right after we got our first Moderna. I felt nothing. She also started feeling crumby and still has a sore arm. I felt nothing for the first 6 hours or so but now it's starting to hit me- sore arm, lower back pain, low grade fever, blah feeling.
I sometimes think I'm a bit dense. Maybe it's just that I'm a bit slow!
Probably just side effects of the microchip trying to find the perfect spot for implantation.
Glad to see so many of you are on your way to being protected.
Haha! I told my wife the nanobots they injected were looking for a more suitable host.
“The fear of death follows from the fear of life. A man [or woman] who lives fully is prepared to die at any time.”
I am in Phase 3 for Missouri...but got an email yesterday from DHHS that I can schedule my shot, so I'm getting my first shot tomorrow. I have a feeling that this has something to do with vaccines getting wasted. In any case, I am relieved.
That is perfectly normal bri. A good immune response. Its working. I had those and more symptoms about 3am after having the shot at 2.30pm. My partner didn't get a response until a day later she has a thyroid disorder everything is slower with her. Pulse 49 ffs haha
Good to know, Rob, thank you! I've had some really tremendously bad flu bugs in the past so anything that feels like "sick" get me concerned. Knowing the way I feel is normal is reassuring!
I got pretty rocked between the 12-24 hour post injection time frame after the first Pfizer
I hear you, Weston. I'm getting my ass kicked down a couple flights on concrete stairs this morning from the first Moderna vacc. Woke up feeling like death warmed over and lower back pain that had me moaning. NOT looking forward to Moderna #2 (but will do it).
That is perfectly normal bri. A good immune response. Its working. I had those and more symptoms about 3am after having the shot at 2.30pm. My partner didn't get a response until a day later she has a thyroid disorder everything is slower with her. Pulse 49 ffs haha
Good to know, Rob, thank you! I've had some really tremendously bad flu bugs in the past so anything that feels like "sick" get me concerned. Knowing the way I feel is normal is reassuring!
I got pretty rocked between the 12-24 hour post injection time frame after the first Pfizer
I hear you, Weston. I'm getting my ass kicked down a couple flights on concrete stairs this morning from the first Moderna vacc. Woke up feeling like death warmed over and lower back pain that had me moaning. NOT looking forward to Moderna #2 (but will do it).
Brian, I hope you feel better soon!
Thanks! Doing better this evening. Should be kicking like Kato by tomorrow.
“The fear of death follows from the fear of life. A man [or woman] who lives fully is prepared to die at any time.”
That is perfectly normal bri. A good immune response. Its working. I had those and more symptoms about 3am after having the shot at 2.30pm. My partner didn't get a response until a day later she has a thyroid disorder everything is slower with her. Pulse 49 ffs haha
Good to know, Rob, thank you! I've had some really tremendously bad flu bugs in the past so anything that feels like "sick" get me concerned. Knowing the way I feel is normal is reassuring!
I got pretty rocked between the 12-24 hour post injection time frame after the first Pfizer
I hear you, Weston. I'm getting my ass kicked down a couple flights on concrete stairs this morning from the first Moderna vacc. Woke up feeling like death warmed over and lower back pain that had me moaning. NOT looking forward to Moderna #2 (but will do it).
Brian, I hope you feel better soon!
Thanks! Doing better this evening. Should be kicking like Kato by tomorrow.
Some unexpected and preliminary data to suggest that some of the antidepressants, particularly fluvoxamine, may help to prevent the progression of covid to severe or fatal disease.
A SURPRISING TREATMENT FOR COVID-19 COULD BE THE KEY TO STOPPING VARIANTS
5 HOURS AGO
WHEN FRANCE HAD ITS FIRST WAVE OF COVID-19 in February 2020, Nicolas Hoertel worried about his patients.
Hoertel is an associate professor of psychiatry at Paris University and a psychiatrist at Corentin Celton Hospital, which specializes in older adult psychiatry. Information coming out of China made it clear that the risk of severe disease or death from Covid-19 increases dramatically over the age of 65. At least half all of the patients in the 90-bed facility where Hoertel is a psychiatrist were very high risk.
However, as the surge peaked, he noticed that the patients in his facility almost never had symptoms severe enough to warrant hospitalization. In fact, between February 2020 and March 2021, only four of his patients required hospitalization for Covid-19.
Over 90 percent of France's 88,933 deaths in the past year occurred in people ages 65 and older. And yet, at the psychiatric hospital filled with antidepressant-taking patients, many of whom were in that high-risk age group, only one died. A genuinely shocking contrast when you compare it with any other facilities with older adults.
The antidepressants, evidence suggests, were helping these patients survive.
Intrigued by this revelation, from January to April 2020, Hoertel worked with a total of 39 hospitals (23 acute, 20 adult, 3 pediatric) in and around Paris to develop a multicenter observational retrospective study examining outcomes for Covid-19 patients. What he and his team found was remarkable: While some antidepressants appeared to have no effect on outcomes, several did to an astonishing degree.
They found cases of Covid-19 resulting in intubation or death could be reduced by as much as 72 percent. The antidepressants that were the most promising? They’re household names among those who struggle with treatment-resistant depression: venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND COVID-19
WHILE HOERTEL WAS WORKING IN FRANCE, Angela Reiersen, a psychiatrist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, had seen research that indicated fluvoxamine could be useful in treating sepsis, a condition that releases cytokines into the bloodstream and is often fatal.
Knowing that “cytokine storms” are associated with severe cases of Covid-19, Reiersen contacted her colleague Eric Lenze about doing a study together. The pair conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine if early use of the antidepressant fluvoxamine by Covid-19 patients could reduce severe outcomes. The researchers found that clinical deterioration occurred in 0 of 80 patients in the fluvoxamine and in 6 of 72 in the placebo group.
Now, studies in at least three countries — France, the United States, and Germany — support the idea that certain antidepressants can be an effective early treatment for Covid-19.
Not only does it appear to be effective, but it’s also fairly safe and cheap — millions of people are already taking the drugs. And compared to the only other real early Covid-19 treatment, monoclonal antibodies, a two-week course of antidepressants is wildly affordable.
The antidepressants that were the most promising were: venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine.
Perhaps most excitingly, if more studies confirm these initial findings, experts Inverse spoke to say it’s very likely that antidepressants will be just as effective in combating severe outcomes from variants of the virus as they were in the study.
The precise mechanism by which these antidepressants are mitigating severe effects of Covid-19 is still unclear, though there are three compelling hypotheses:
The anti-inflammatory properties of the drugs reduce the inflammation that is often associated with severe Covid outcomes like cytokine storms
That these drugs have some antiviral properties
That they inhibit an enzyme that allows the virus to enter a cell
There’s compelling evidence for all of the above. And it may turn out to be some combination of the three.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS CAN BE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
When Hoertel first started hypothesizing he, like Lenze and Reiersen, thought the anti-inflammatory hypothesis was the most likely answer because of something called the Sigma 1 Receptor (S1R). Activation of S1R is common with antidepressants and that activation can produce anti-inflammatory effects. But as the study progressed, the French psychiatrist thought that was less likely.
“Some of the antidepressants that target Sigma 1 we had very good results with and others that target the same receptor, not so much,” Hoertel tells Inverse. “So, for us, this explanation doesn’t work.”
He says it’s possible that there’s some positive effect from this anti-inflammatory, but it's not the answer his team has been looking for. “It’s not satisfying,” he says. “It’s not about to explain all our findings.”
The explanation he found most compelling is number three — the enzyme hypothesis. It was posited to him by a German physician and researcher, Erich Gulbins. Instead of focusing on the spike protein on the virus that allows it to penetrate and consequently replicate in a human cell, Gulbins wanted to know what was happening in the host cell.
Based on his research into waxy lipid molecules called ceramides — as well as the work of researchers like Hoertel — Gulbins hypothesizes that when the novel coronavirus enters the cell, it activates an enzyme called acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). When that enzyme is activated, ceramides are produced.
Ceramides function as the open door that lets the virus into the cell, where it can reproduce. What these antidepressants do is inhibit those enzymes. Fewer enzymes mean fewer ceramides and fewer open doors for the virus to stroll through into a human cell.
When a viral particle enters your body, the virus immediately starts looking for cells where it can reproduce. But if the “ceramide-door” theory is correct, the cells of people taking ASM inhibitors are little fortresses and the virus can’t find a way in.
PROTECTION FROM COVID-19 VARIANTS
What is especially thrilling about this possibility — this is all in the process of being reviewed and replicated — is not just that it would offer an inexpensive, readily available, and effective treatment for Covid-19, but what it might mean for the variants.
Vaccines teach the body what to look for and protect against. The coronavirus enters cells through its spike protein. So the vaccine gives your body a picture of the spike protein and says “create antibodies that attack and kill the thing attached to this spike.”
The coronavirus enters cells through its spike protein.
While some vaccines are proving to be very effective against some variants, other variants may pose more of a challenge. The reason that some vaccines may be less effective against some of the variants is because of spike protein mutations. When a virus mutates, and those mutations affect the thing your antibodies have been trained to look for, they might miss it — it depends on how different the mutation looks compared to what the antibodies have been trained to fight.
If the virus simply runs out of doors to go through, it can’t find a cell and replicate no matter what mutation disguise it might be wearing. It could be dressed up as a Girl Scout selling Thin Mints and the door still wouldn’t open.
Lenze cautions not to get too bogged down in which of the three mechanisms is at work — stressing that whatever the mechanism is causing the antidepressants to help, “they should work regardless of variants,” he tells Inverse.
What’s important, he stresses, is that these are effective, cheap, safe medications, that if taken early, can prevent severe Covid-19 outcomes. Determining which mechanism is at work will happen eventually (and probably not too far in the future) through more clinical trials and double-blind studies, like the at-home study he is conducting called Stop Covid 2.
While more research and clinical trials need to be done to confirm what the initial data show, Hoertel is hopeful. But he wants to be clear: the likelihood that some of these antidepressants provide a measure of protection against severe disease shouldn’t stop anyone from getting a vaccine or feeling overconfident about their level of protection — there’s still too much that needs to be replicated and confirmed.
Instead, he says, we should follow his lead: “Be hopeful but cautious.”
my small self... like a book amongst the many on a shelf
Some unexpected and preliminary data to suggest that some of the antidepressants, particularly fluvoxamine, may help to prevent the progression of covid to severe or fatal disease.
A SURPRISING TREATMENT FOR COVID-19 COULD BE THE KEY TO STOPPING VARIANTS
5 HOURS AGO
WHEN FRANCE HAD ITS FIRST WAVE OF COVID-19 in February 2020, Nicolas Hoertel worried about his patients.
Hoertel is an associate professor of psychiatry at Paris University and a psychiatrist at Corentin Celton Hospital, which specializes in older adult psychiatry. Information coming out of China made it clear that the risk of severe disease or death from Covid-19 increases dramatically over the age of 65. At least half all of the patients in the 90-bed facility where Hoertel is a psychiatrist were very high risk.
However, as the surge peaked, he noticed that the patients in his facility almost never had symptoms severe enough to warrant hospitalization. In fact, between February 2020 and March 2021, only four of his patients required hospitalization for Covid-19.
Over 90 percent of France's 88,933 deaths in the past year occurred in people ages 65 and older. And yet, at the psychiatric hospital filled with antidepressant-taking patients, many of whom were in that high-risk age group, only one died. A genuinely shocking contrast when you compare it with any other facilities with older adults.
The antidepressants, evidence suggests, were helping these patients survive.
Intrigued by this revelation, from January to April 2020, Hoertel worked with a total of 39 hospitals (23 acute, 20 adult, 3 pediatric) in and around Paris to develop a multicenter observational retrospective study examining outcomes for Covid-19 patients. What he and his team found was remarkable: While some antidepressants appeared to have no effect on outcomes, several did to an astonishing degree.
They found cases of Covid-19 resulting in intubation or death could be reduced by as much as 72 percent. The antidepressants that were the most promising? They’re household names among those who struggle with treatment-resistant depression: venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND COVID-19
WHILE HOERTEL WAS WORKING IN FRANCE, Angela Reiersen, a psychiatrist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, had seen research that indicated fluvoxamine could be useful in treating sepsis, a condition that releases cytokines into the bloodstream and is often fatal.
Knowing that “cytokine storms” are associated with severe cases of Covid-19, Reiersen contacted her colleague Eric Lenze about doing a study together. The pair conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine if early use of the antidepressant fluvoxamine by Covid-19 patients could reduce severe outcomes. The researchers found that clinical deterioration occurred in 0 of 80 patients in the fluvoxamine and in 6 of 72 in the placebo group.
Now, studies in at least three countries — France, the United States, and Germany — support the idea that certain antidepressants can be an effective early treatment for Covid-19.
Not only does it appear to be effective, but it’s also fairly safe and cheap — millions of people are already taking the drugs. And compared to the only other real early Covid-19 treatment, monoclonal antibodies, a two-week course of antidepressants is wildly affordable.
The antidepressants that were the most promising were: venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine.
Perhaps most excitingly, if more studies confirm these initial findings, experts Inverse spoke to say it’s very likely that antidepressants will be just as effective in combating severe outcomes from variants of the virus as they were in the study.
The precise mechanism by which these antidepressants are mitigating severe effects of Covid-19 is still unclear, though there are three compelling hypotheses:
The anti-inflammatory properties of the drugs reduce the inflammation that is often associated with severe Covid outcomes like cytokine storms
That these drugs have some antiviral properties
That they inhibit an enzyme that allows the virus to enter a cell
There’s compelling evidence for all of the above. And it may turn out to be some combination of the three.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS CAN BE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
When Hoertel first started hypothesizing he, like Lenze and Reiersen, thought the anti-inflammatory hypothesis was the most likely answer because of something called the Sigma 1 Receptor (S1R). Activation of S1R is common with antidepressants and that activation can produce anti-inflammatory effects. But as the study progressed, the French psychiatrist thought that was less likely.
“Some of the antidepressants that target Sigma 1 we had very good results with and others that target the same receptor, not so much,” Hoertel tells Inverse. “So, for us, this explanation doesn’t work.”
He says it’s possible that there’s some positive effect from this anti-inflammatory, but it's not the answer his team has been looking for. “It’s not satisfying,” he says. “It’s not about to explain all our findings.”
The explanation he found most compelling is number three — the enzyme hypothesis. It was posited to him by a German physician and researcher, Erich Gulbins. Instead of focusing on the spike protein on the virus that allows it to penetrate and consequently replicate in a human cell, Gulbins wanted to know what was happening in the host cell.
Based on his research into waxy lipid molecules called ceramides — as well as the work of researchers like Hoertel — Gulbins hypothesizes that when the novel coronavirus enters the cell, it activates an enzyme called acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). When that enzyme is activated, ceramides are produced.
Ceramides function as the open door that lets the virus into the cell, where it can reproduce. What these antidepressants do is inhibit those enzymes. Fewer enzymes mean fewer ceramides and fewer open doors for the virus to stroll through into a human cell.
When a viral particle enters your body, the virus immediately starts looking for cells where it can reproduce. But if the “ceramide-door” theory is correct, the cells of people taking ASM inhibitors are little fortresses and the virus can’t find a way in.
PROTECTION FROM COVID-19 VARIANTS
What is especially thrilling about this possibility — this is all in the process of being reviewed and replicated — is not just that it would offer an inexpensive, readily available, and effective treatment for Covid-19, but what it might mean for the variants.
Vaccines teach the body what to look for and protect against. The coronavirus enters cells through its spike protein. So the vaccine gives your body a picture of the spike protein and says “create antibodies that attack and kill the thing attached to this spike.”
The coronavirus enters cells through its spike protein.
While some vaccines are proving to be very effective against some variants, other variants may pose more of a challenge. The reason that some vaccines may be less effective against some of the variants is because of spike protein mutations. When a virus mutates, and those mutations affect the thing your antibodies have been trained to look for, they might miss it — it depends on how different the mutation looks compared to what the antibodies have been trained to fight.
If the virus simply runs out of doors to go through, it can’t find a cell and replicate no matter what mutation disguise it might be wearing. It could be dressed up as a Girl Scout selling Thin Mints and the door still wouldn’t open.
Lenze cautions not to get too bogged down in which of the three mechanisms is at work — stressing that whatever the mechanism is causing the antidepressants to help, “they should work regardless of variants,” he tells Inverse.
What’s important, he stresses, is that these are effective, cheap, safe medications, that if taken early, can prevent severe Covid-19 outcomes. Determining which mechanism is at work will happen eventually (and probably not too far in the future) through more clinical trials and double-blind studies, like the at-home study he is conducting called Stop Covid 2.
While more research and clinical trials need to be done to confirm what the initial data show, Hoertel is hopeful. But he wants to be clear: the likelihood that some of these antidepressants provide a measure of protection against severe disease shouldn’t stop anyone from getting a vaccine or feeling overconfident about their level of protection — there’s still too much that needs to be replicated and confirmed.
Instead, he says, we should follow his lead: “Be hopeful but cautious.”
That is a VERY interesting read, thanks for sharing! I don’t know if putting everyone on SSRIs to combat the virus would be very ethical or a good thing at all, but for those that need SSRIs, this could be a nice little bonus. Here is done further good reading on this:
Some unexpected and preliminary data to suggest that some of the antidepressants, particularly fluvoxamine, may help to prevent the progression of covid to severe or fatal disease.
A SURPRISING TREATMENT FOR COVID-19 COULD BE THE KEY TO STOPPING VARIANTS
5 HOURS AGO
WHEN FRANCE HAD ITS FIRST WAVE OF COVID-19 in February 2020, Nicolas Hoertel worried about his patients.
Hoertel is an associate professor of psychiatry at Paris University and a psychiatrist at Corentin Celton Hospital, which specializes in older adult psychiatry. Information coming out of China made it clear that the risk of severe disease or death from Covid-19 increases dramatically over the age of 65. At least half all of the patients in the 90-bed facility where Hoertel is a psychiatrist were very high risk.
However, as the surge peaked, he noticed that the patients in his facility almost never had symptoms severe enough to warrant hospitalization. In fact, between February 2020 and March 2021, only four of his patients required hospitalization for Covid-19.
Over 90 percent of France's 88,933 deaths in the past year occurred in people ages 65 and older. And yet, at the psychiatric hospital filled with antidepressant-taking patients, many of whom were in that high-risk age group, only one died. A genuinely shocking contrast when you compare it with any other facilities with older adults.
The antidepressants, evidence suggests, were helping these patients survive.
Intrigued by this revelation, from January to April 2020, Hoertel worked with a total of 39 hospitals (23 acute, 20 adult, 3 pediatric) in and around Paris to develop a multicenter observational retrospective study examining outcomes for Covid-19 patients. What he and his team found was remarkable: While some antidepressants appeared to have no effect on outcomes, several did to an astonishing degree.
They found cases of Covid-19 resulting in intubation or death could be reduced by as much as 72 percent. The antidepressants that were the most promising? They’re household names among those who struggle with treatment-resistant depression: venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND COVID-19
WHILE HOERTEL WAS WORKING IN FRANCE, Angela Reiersen, a psychiatrist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, had seen research that indicated fluvoxamine could be useful in treating sepsis, a condition that releases cytokines into the bloodstream and is often fatal.
Knowing that “cytokine storms” are associated with severe cases of Covid-19, Reiersen contacted her colleague Eric Lenze about doing a study together. The pair conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine if early use of the antidepressant fluvoxamine by Covid-19 patients could reduce severe outcomes. The researchers found that clinical deterioration occurred in 0 of 80 patients in the fluvoxamine and in 6 of 72 in the placebo group.
Now, studies in at least three countries — France, the United States, and Germany — support the idea that certain antidepressants can be an effective early treatment for Covid-19.
Not only does it appear to be effective, but it’s also fairly safe and cheap — millions of people are already taking the drugs. And compared to the only other real early Covid-19 treatment, monoclonal antibodies, a two-week course of antidepressants is wildly affordable.
The antidepressants that were the most promising were: venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine.
Perhaps most excitingly, if more studies confirm these initial findings, experts Inverse spoke to say it’s very likely that antidepressants will be just as effective in combating severe outcomes from variants of the virus as they were in the study.
The precise mechanism by which these antidepressants are mitigating severe effects of Covid-19 is still unclear, though there are three compelling hypotheses:
The anti-inflammatory properties of the drugs reduce the inflammation that is often associated with severe Covid outcomes like cytokine storms
That these drugs have some antiviral properties
That they inhibit an enzyme that allows the virus to enter a cell
There’s compelling evidence for all of the above. And it may turn out to be some combination of the three.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS CAN BE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
When Hoertel first started hypothesizing he, like Lenze and Reiersen, thought the anti-inflammatory hypothesis was the most likely answer because of something called the Sigma 1 Receptor (S1R). Activation of S1R is common with antidepressants and that activation can produce anti-inflammatory effects. But as the study progressed, the French psychiatrist thought that was less likely.
“Some of the antidepressants that target Sigma 1 we had very good results with and others that target the same receptor, not so much,” Hoertel tells Inverse. “So, for us, this explanation doesn’t work.”
He says it’s possible that there’s some positive effect from this anti-inflammatory, but it's not the answer his team has been looking for. “It’s not satisfying,” he says. “It’s not about to explain all our findings.”
The explanation he found most compelling is number three — the enzyme hypothesis. It was posited to him by a German physician and researcher, Erich Gulbins. Instead of focusing on the spike protein on the virus that allows it to penetrate and consequently replicate in a human cell, Gulbins wanted to know what was happening in the host cell.
Based on his research into waxy lipid molecules called ceramides — as well as the work of researchers like Hoertel — Gulbins hypothesizes that when the novel coronavirus enters the cell, it activates an enzyme called acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). When that enzyme is activated, ceramides are produced.
Ceramides function as the open door that lets the virus into the cell, where it can reproduce. What these antidepressants do is inhibit those enzymes. Fewer enzymes mean fewer ceramides and fewer open doors for the virus to stroll through into a human cell.
When a viral particle enters your body, the virus immediately starts looking for cells where it can reproduce. But if the “ceramide-door” theory is correct, the cells of people taking ASM inhibitors are little fortresses and the virus can’t find a way in.
PROTECTION FROM COVID-19 VARIANTS
What is especially thrilling about this possibility — this is all in the process of being reviewed and replicated — is not just that it would offer an inexpensive, readily available, and effective treatment for Covid-19, but what it might mean for the variants.
Vaccines teach the body what to look for and protect against. The coronavirus enters cells through its spike protein. So the vaccine gives your body a picture of the spike protein and says “create antibodies that attack and kill the thing attached to this spike.”
The coronavirus enters cells through its spike protein.
While some vaccines are proving to be very effective against some variants, other variants may pose more of a challenge. The reason that some vaccines may be less effective against some of the variants is because of spike protein mutations. When a virus mutates, and those mutations affect the thing your antibodies have been trained to look for, they might miss it — it depends on how different the mutation looks compared to what the antibodies have been trained to fight.
If the virus simply runs out of doors to go through, it can’t find a cell and replicate no matter what mutation disguise it might be wearing. It could be dressed up as a Girl Scout selling Thin Mints and the door still wouldn’t open.
Lenze cautions not to get too bogged down in which of the three mechanisms is at work — stressing that whatever the mechanism is causing the antidepressants to help, “they should work regardless of variants,” he tells Inverse.
What’s important, he stresses, is that these are effective, cheap, safe medications, that if taken early, can prevent severe Covid-19 outcomes. Determining which mechanism is at work will happen eventually (and probably not too far in the future) through more clinical trials and double-blind studies, like the at-home study he is conducting called Stop Covid 2.
While more research and clinical trials need to be done to confirm what the initial data show, Hoertel is hopeful. But he wants to be clear: the likelihood that some of these antidepressants provide a measure of protection against severe disease shouldn’t stop anyone from getting a vaccine or feeling overconfident about their level of protection — there’s still too much that needs to be replicated and confirmed.
Instead, he says, we should follow his lead: “Be hopeful but cautious.”
That is a VERY interesting read, thanks for sharing! I don’t know if putting everyone on SSRIs to combat the virus would be very ethical or a good thing at all, but for those that need SSRIs, this could be a nice little bonus. Here is done further good reading on this:
“Moreover, we suggest that sertraline may exhibit antiviral effect against COVID-19 but with unknown mechanism of action.”
If by "everyone" you mean the general population, then no, that wouldn't be indicated or necessary. If by "everyone" you mean people infected with covid-19 who are symptomatic and there is concern about progression, then I don't see why it wouldn't be ethical. These are medications to treat health conditions - there shouldn't be any stigma to taking them.
my small self... like a book amongst the many on a shelf
Some unexpected and preliminary data to suggest that some of the antidepressants, particularly fluvoxamine, may help to prevent the progression of covid to severe or fatal disease.
A SURPRISING TREATMENT FOR COVID-19 COULD BE THE KEY TO STOPPING VARIANTS
5 HOURS AGO
WHEN FRANCE HAD ITS FIRST WAVE OF COVID-19 in February 2020, Nicolas Hoertel worried about his patients.
Hoertel is an associate professor of psychiatry at Paris University and a psychiatrist at Corentin Celton Hospital, which specializes in older adult psychiatry. Information coming out of China made it clear that the risk of severe disease or death from Covid-19 increases dramatically over the age of 65. At least half all of the patients in the 90-bed facility where Hoertel is a psychiatrist were very high risk.
However, as the surge peaked, he noticed that the patients in his facility almost never had symptoms severe enough to warrant hospitalization. In fact, between February 2020 and March 2021, only four of his patients required hospitalization for Covid-19.
Over 90 percent of France's 88,933 deaths in the past year occurred in people ages 65 and older. And yet, at the psychiatric hospital filled with antidepressant-taking patients, many of whom were in that high-risk age group, only one died. A genuinely shocking contrast when you compare it with any other facilities with older adults.
The antidepressants, evidence suggests, were helping these patients survive.
Intrigued by this revelation, from January to April 2020, Hoertel worked with a total of 39 hospitals (23 acute, 20 adult, 3 pediatric) in and around Paris to develop a multicenter observational retrospective study examining outcomes for Covid-19 patients. What he and his team found was remarkable: While some antidepressants appeared to have no effect on outcomes, several did to an astonishing degree.
They found cases of Covid-19 resulting in intubation or death could be reduced by as much as 72 percent. The antidepressants that were the most promising? They’re household names among those who struggle with treatment-resistant depression: venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND COVID-19
WHILE HOERTEL WAS WORKING IN FRANCE, Angela Reiersen, a psychiatrist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, had seen research that indicated fluvoxamine could be useful in treating sepsis, a condition that releases cytokines into the bloodstream and is often fatal.
Knowing that “cytokine storms” are associated with severe cases of Covid-19, Reiersen contacted her colleague Eric Lenze about doing a study together. The pair conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine if early use of the antidepressant fluvoxamine by Covid-19 patients could reduce severe outcomes. The researchers found that clinical deterioration occurred in 0 of 80 patients in the fluvoxamine and in 6 of 72 in the placebo group.
Now, studies in at least three countries — France, the United States, and Germany — support the idea that certain antidepressants can be an effective early treatment for Covid-19.
Not only does it appear to be effective, but it’s also fairly safe and cheap — millions of people are already taking the drugs. And compared to the only other real early Covid-19 treatment, monoclonal antibodies, a two-week course of antidepressants is wildly affordable.
The antidepressants that were the most promising were: venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine.
Perhaps most excitingly, if more studies confirm these initial findings, experts Inverse spoke to say it’s very likely that antidepressants will be just as effective in combating severe outcomes from variants of the virus as they were in the study.
The precise mechanism by which these antidepressants are mitigating severe effects of Covid-19 is still unclear, though there are three compelling hypotheses:
The anti-inflammatory properties of the drugs reduce the inflammation that is often associated with severe Covid outcomes like cytokine storms
That these drugs have some antiviral properties
That they inhibit an enzyme that allows the virus to enter a cell
There’s compelling evidence for all of the above. And it may turn out to be some combination of the three.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS CAN BE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
When Hoertel first started hypothesizing he, like Lenze and Reiersen, thought the anti-inflammatory hypothesis was the most likely answer because of something called the Sigma 1 Receptor (S1R). Activation of S1R is common with antidepressants and that activation can produce anti-inflammatory effects. But as the study progressed, the French psychiatrist thought that was less likely.
“Some of the antidepressants that target Sigma 1 we had very good results with and others that target the same receptor, not so much,” Hoertel tells Inverse. “So, for us, this explanation doesn’t work.”
He says it’s possible that there’s some positive effect from this anti-inflammatory, but it's not the answer his team has been looking for. “It’s not satisfying,” he says. “It’s not about to explain all our findings.”
The explanation he found most compelling is number three — the enzyme hypothesis. It was posited to him by a German physician and researcher, Erich Gulbins. Instead of focusing on the spike protein on the virus that allows it to penetrate and consequently replicate in a human cell, Gulbins wanted to know what was happening in the host cell.
Based on his research into waxy lipid molecules called ceramides — as well as the work of researchers like Hoertel — Gulbins hypothesizes that when the novel coronavirus enters the cell, it activates an enzyme called acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). When that enzyme is activated, ceramides are produced.
Ceramides function as the open door that lets the virus into the cell, where it can reproduce. What these antidepressants do is inhibit those enzymes. Fewer enzymes mean fewer ceramides and fewer open doors for the virus to stroll through into a human cell.
When a viral particle enters your body, the virus immediately starts looking for cells where it can reproduce. But if the “ceramide-door” theory is correct, the cells of people taking ASM inhibitors are little fortresses and the virus can’t find a way in.
PROTECTION FROM COVID-19 VARIANTS
What is especially thrilling about this possibility — this is all in the process of being reviewed and replicated — is not just that it would offer an inexpensive, readily available, and effective treatment for Covid-19, but what it might mean for the variants.
Vaccines teach the body what to look for and protect against. The coronavirus enters cells through its spike protein. So the vaccine gives your body a picture of the spike protein and says “create antibodies that attack and kill the thing attached to this spike.”
The coronavirus enters cells through its spike protein.
While some vaccines are proving to be very effective against some variants, other variants may pose more of a challenge. The reason that some vaccines may be less effective against some of the variants is because of spike protein mutations. When a virus mutates, and those mutations affect the thing your antibodies have been trained to look for, they might miss it — it depends on how different the mutation looks compared to what the antibodies have been trained to fight.
If the virus simply runs out of doors to go through, it can’t find a cell and replicate no matter what mutation disguise it might be wearing. It could be dressed up as a Girl Scout selling Thin Mints and the door still wouldn’t open.
Lenze cautions not to get too bogged down in which of the three mechanisms is at work — stressing that whatever the mechanism is causing the antidepressants to help, “they should work regardless of variants,” he tells Inverse.
What’s important, he stresses, is that these are effective, cheap, safe medications, that if taken early, can prevent severe Covid-19 outcomes. Determining which mechanism is at work will happen eventually (and probably not too far in the future) through more clinical trials and double-blind studies, like the at-home study he is conducting called Stop Covid 2.
While more research and clinical trials need to be done to confirm what the initial data show, Hoertel is hopeful. But he wants to be clear: the likelihood that some of these antidepressants provide a measure of protection against severe disease shouldn’t stop anyone from getting a vaccine or feeling overconfident about their level of protection — there’s still too much that needs to be replicated and confirmed.
Instead, he says, we should follow his lead: “Be hopeful but cautious.”
That is a VERY interesting read, thanks for sharing! I don’t know if putting everyone on SSRIs to combat the virus would be very ethical or a good thing at all, but for those that need SSRIs, this could be a nice little bonus. Here is done further good reading on this:
“Moreover, we suggest that sertraline may exhibit antiviral effect against COVID-19 but with unknown mechanism of action.”
If by "everyone" you mean the general population, then no, that wouldn't be indicated or necessary. If by "everyone" you mean people infected with covid-19 who are symptomatic and there is concern about progression, then I don't see why it wouldn't be ethical. These are medications to treat health conditions - there shouldn't be any stigma to taking them.
I meant the general population by “everyone” . Otherwise, use whatever medication available if it keeps peeps alive.
Some unexpected and preliminary data to suggest that some of the antidepressants, particularly fluvoxamine, may help to prevent the progression of covid to severe or fatal disease.
A SURPRISING TREATMENT FOR COVID-19 COULD BE THE KEY TO STOPPING VARIANTS
5 HOURS AGO
WHEN FRANCE HAD ITS FIRST WAVE OF COVID-19 in February 2020, Nicolas Hoertel worried about his patients.
Hoertel is an associate professor of psychiatry at Paris University and a psychiatrist at Corentin Celton Hospital, which specializes in older adult psychiatry. Information coming out of China made it clear that the risk of severe disease or death from Covid-19 increases dramatically over the age of 65. At least half all of the patients in the 90-bed facility where Hoertel is a psychiatrist were very high risk.
However, as the surge peaked, he noticed that the patients in his facility almost never had symptoms severe enough to warrant hospitalization. In fact, between February 2020 and March 2021, only four of his patients required hospitalization for Covid-19.
Over 90 percent of France's 88,933 deaths in the past year occurred in people ages 65 and older. And yet, at the psychiatric hospital filled with antidepressant-taking patients, many of whom were in that high-risk age group, only one died. A genuinely shocking contrast when you compare it with any other facilities with older adults.
The antidepressants, evidence suggests, were helping these patients survive.
Intrigued by this revelation, from January to April 2020, Hoertel worked with a total of 39 hospitals (23 acute, 20 adult, 3 pediatric) in and around Paris to develop a multicenter observational retrospective study examining outcomes for Covid-19 patients. What he and his team found was remarkable: While some antidepressants appeared to have no effect on outcomes, several did to an astonishing degree.
They found cases of Covid-19 resulting in intubation or death could be reduced by as much as 72 percent. The antidepressants that were the most promising? They’re household names among those who struggle with treatment-resistant depression: venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND COVID-19
WHILE HOERTEL WAS WORKING IN FRANCE, Angela Reiersen, a psychiatrist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, had seen research that indicated fluvoxamine could be useful in treating sepsis, a condition that releases cytokines into the bloodstream and is often fatal.
Knowing that “cytokine storms” are associated with severe cases of Covid-19, Reiersen contacted her colleague Eric Lenze about doing a study together. The pair conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine if early use of the antidepressant fluvoxamine by Covid-19 patients could reduce severe outcomes. The researchers found that clinical deterioration occurred in 0 of 80 patients in the fluvoxamine and in 6 of 72 in the placebo group.
Now, studies in at least three countries — France, the United States, and Germany — support the idea that certain antidepressants can be an effective early treatment for Covid-19.
Not only does it appear to be effective, but it’s also fairly safe and cheap — millions of people are already taking the drugs. And compared to the only other real early Covid-19 treatment, monoclonal antibodies, a two-week course of antidepressants is wildly affordable.
The antidepressants that were the most promising were: venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine.
Perhaps most excitingly, if more studies confirm these initial findings, experts Inverse spoke to say it’s very likely that antidepressants will be just as effective in combating severe outcomes from variants of the virus as they were in the study.
The precise mechanism by which these antidepressants are mitigating severe effects of Covid-19 is still unclear, though there are three compelling hypotheses:
The anti-inflammatory properties of the drugs reduce the inflammation that is often associated with severe Covid outcomes like cytokine storms
That these drugs have some antiviral properties
That they inhibit an enzyme that allows the virus to enter a cell
There’s compelling evidence for all of the above. And it may turn out to be some combination of the three.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS CAN BE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
When Hoertel first started hypothesizing he, like Lenze and Reiersen, thought the anti-inflammatory hypothesis was the most likely answer because of something called the Sigma 1 Receptor (S1R). Activation of S1R is common with antidepressants and that activation can produce anti-inflammatory effects. But as the study progressed, the French psychiatrist thought that was less likely.
“Some of the antidepressants that target Sigma 1 we had very good results with and others that target the same receptor, not so much,” Hoertel tells Inverse. “So, for us, this explanation doesn’t work.”
He says it’s possible that there’s some positive effect from this anti-inflammatory, but it's not the answer his team has been looking for. “It’s not satisfying,” he says. “It’s not about to explain all our findings.”
The explanation he found most compelling is number three — the enzyme hypothesis. It was posited to him by a German physician and researcher, Erich Gulbins. Instead of focusing on the spike protein on the virus that allows it to penetrate and consequently replicate in a human cell, Gulbins wanted to know what was happening in the host cell.
Based on his research into waxy lipid molecules called ceramides — as well as the work of researchers like Hoertel — Gulbins hypothesizes that when the novel coronavirus enters the cell, it activates an enzyme called acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). When that enzyme is activated, ceramides are produced.
Ceramides function as the open door that lets the virus into the cell, where it can reproduce. What these antidepressants do is inhibit those enzymes. Fewer enzymes mean fewer ceramides and fewer open doors for the virus to stroll through into a human cell.
When a viral particle enters your body, the virus immediately starts looking for cells where it can reproduce. But if the “ceramide-door” theory is correct, the cells of people taking ASM inhibitors are little fortresses and the virus can’t find a way in.
PROTECTION FROM COVID-19 VARIANTS
What is especially thrilling about this possibility — this is all in the process of being reviewed and replicated — is not just that it would offer an inexpensive, readily available, and effective treatment for Covid-19, but what it might mean for the variants.
Vaccines teach the body what to look for and protect against. The coronavirus enters cells through its spike protein. So the vaccine gives your body a picture of the spike protein and says “create antibodies that attack and kill the thing attached to this spike.”
The coronavirus enters cells through its spike protein.
While some vaccines are proving to be very effective against some variants, other variants may pose more of a challenge. The reason that some vaccines may be less effective against some of the variants is because of spike protein mutations. When a virus mutates, and those mutations affect the thing your antibodies have been trained to look for, they might miss it — it depends on how different the mutation looks compared to what the antibodies have been trained to fight.
If the virus simply runs out of doors to go through, it can’t find a cell and replicate no matter what mutation disguise it might be wearing. It could be dressed up as a Girl Scout selling Thin Mints and the door still wouldn’t open.
Lenze cautions not to get too bogged down in which of the three mechanisms is at work — stressing that whatever the mechanism is causing the antidepressants to help, “they should work regardless of variants,” he tells Inverse.
What’s important, he stresses, is that these are effective, cheap, safe medications, that if taken early, can prevent severe Covid-19 outcomes. Determining which mechanism is at work will happen eventually (and probably not too far in the future) through more clinical trials and double-blind studies, like the at-home study he is conducting called Stop Covid 2.
While more research and clinical trials need to be done to confirm what the initial data show, Hoertel is hopeful. But he wants to be clear: the likelihood that some of these antidepressants provide a measure of protection against severe disease shouldn’t stop anyone from getting a vaccine or feeling overconfident about their level of protection — there’s still too much that needs to be replicated and confirmed.
Instead, he says, we should follow his lead: “Be hopeful but cautious.”
Hard not to feel like the pandemic has ended or is about to end. Multiple states this week dropping restrictions, CDC issuing relaxed guidelines for vaccinated people. Half of my Instagram posts I’m seeing are people in Florida. The traffic today is insane, by far the most people I’ve seen out and about in a LONG time. Crazy how quick everything has changed these last 10 days.
Post edited by Weston1283 on
2010: Cleveland 2012: Atlanta 2013: London ONT / Wrigley Field / Pittsburgh / Buffalo / San Diego / Los Angeles I / Los Angeles II 2014: Cincinnati / St. Louis / Tulsa / Lincoln / Detroit / Denver 2015: New York City 2016: Ft. Lauderdale / Miami / Jacksonville / Greenville / Hampton / Columbia / Lexington / Philly II / New York City II / Toronto II / Bonnaroo / Telluride / Fenway I / Wrigley I / Wrigley - II / TOTD - Philadelphia, San Francisco 2017: Ohana Fest (EV) 2018: Amsterdam I / Amsterdam II / Seattle I / Seattle II / Boston I / Boston II 2021: Asbury Park / Ohana Encore 1 / Ohana Encore 2 2022: Phoenix / LA I / LA II / Quebec City / Ottawa / New York City / Camden / Nashville / St. Louis / Denver 2023: St. Paul II 2024: Las Vegas I / Las Vegas II / New York City I / New York City II / Philly I / Philly II / Baltimore
Hard not to feel like the pandemic has ended or is about to end. Multiple states this week dropping restrictions, CDC issuing relaxed guidelines for vaccinated people. Half of my Instagram posts I’m seeing are people in Florida. The traffic today is insane, by far the most people I’ve seen out and about in a LONG time. Crazy how quick everything has changed these last 10 days.
Hard not to feel like the pandemic has ended or is about to end. Multiple states this week dropping restrictions, CDC issuing relaxed guidelines for vaccinated people. Half of my Instagram posts I’m seeing are people in Florida. The traffic today is insane, by far the most people I’ve seen out and about in a LONG time. Crazy how quick everything has changed these last 10 days.
Pumping the brakes a little wouldn’t be a bad idea. Literally feels like the flood gates have opened and we went from 0-100 in the last week. At least from what I can tell in my life.
2010: Cleveland 2012: Atlanta 2013: London ONT / Wrigley Field / Pittsburgh / Buffalo / San Diego / Los Angeles I / Los Angeles II 2014: Cincinnati / St. Louis / Tulsa / Lincoln / Detroit / Denver 2015: New York City 2016: Ft. Lauderdale / Miami / Jacksonville / Greenville / Hampton / Columbia / Lexington / Philly II / New York City II / Toronto II / Bonnaroo / Telluride / Fenway I / Wrigley I / Wrigley - II / TOTD - Philadelphia, San Francisco 2017: Ohana Fest (EV) 2018: Amsterdam I / Amsterdam II / Seattle I / Seattle II / Boston I / Boston II 2021: Asbury Park / Ohana Encore 1 / Ohana Encore 2 2022: Phoenix / LA I / LA II / Quebec City / Ottawa / New York City / Camden / Nashville / St. Louis / Denver 2023: St. Paul II 2024: Las Vegas I / Las Vegas II / New York City I / New York City II / Philly I / Philly II / Baltimore
I guess we’ll see in the next few weeks. I’m happy for the business owners and their employees, as well as those who have wanted this next step for so long.
Pretty sure St. Patrick’s Day will see bars a-brimming. Like all of this never even happened!
I really, really hope that in eagerness, all caution isn’t thrown to the wind.
Comments
2012: Atlanta
2013: London ONT / Wrigley Field / Pittsburgh / Buffalo / San Diego / Los Angeles I / Los Angeles II
2014: Cincinnati / St. Louis / Tulsa / Lincoln / Detroit / Denver
2015: New York City
2016: Ft. Lauderdale / Miami / Jacksonville / Greenville / Hampton / Columbia / Lexington / Philly II / New York City II / Toronto II / Bonnaroo / Telluride / Fenway I / Wrigley I / Wrigley - II / TOTD - Philadelphia, San Francisco
2017: Ohana Fest (EV)
2018: Amsterdam I / Amsterdam II / Seattle I / Seattle II / Boston I / Boston II
2021: Asbury Park / Ohana Encore 1 / Ohana Encore 2
2022: Phoenix / LA I / LA II / Quebec City / Ottawa / New York City / Camden / Nashville / St. Louis / Denver
2023: St. Paul II
2024: Las Vegas I / Las Vegas II / New York City I / New York City II / Philly I / Philly II / Baltimore
That is encouraging. I would love for dose #2 to be a walk in the park. I don't like feeling crappy and don't like being cranky (not that I ever really get cranky, riggggggght.)
astoria 06
albany 06
hartford 06
reading 06
barcelona 06
paris 06
wembley 07
dusseldorf 07
nijmegen 07
this song is meant to be called i got shit,itshould be called i got shit tickets-hartford 06 -
astoria 06
albany 06
hartford 06
reading 06
barcelona 06
paris 06
wembley 07
dusseldorf 07
nijmegen 07
this song is meant to be called i got shit,itshould be called i got shit tickets-hartford 06 -
https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2021/03/10/texas-rangers-become-first-pro-team-to-announce-a-return-to-full-capacity/
2012: Atlanta
2013: London ONT / Wrigley Field / Pittsburgh / Buffalo / San Diego / Los Angeles I / Los Angeles II
2014: Cincinnati / St. Louis / Tulsa / Lincoln / Detroit / Denver
2015: New York City
2016: Ft. Lauderdale / Miami / Jacksonville / Greenville / Hampton / Columbia / Lexington / Philly II / New York City II / Toronto II / Bonnaroo / Telluride / Fenway I / Wrigley I / Wrigley - II / TOTD - Philadelphia, San Francisco
2017: Ohana Fest (EV)
2018: Amsterdam I / Amsterdam II / Seattle I / Seattle II / Boston I / Boston II
2021: Asbury Park / Ohana Encore 1 / Ohana Encore 2
2022: Phoenix / LA I / LA II / Quebec City / Ottawa / New York City / Camden / Nashville / St. Louis / Denver
2023: St. Paul II
2024: Las Vegas I / Las Vegas II / New York City I / New York City II / Philly I / Philly II / Baltimore
www.cluthelee.com
www.cluthe.com
Haha! I told my wife the nanobots they injected were looking for a more suitable host.
Monday I felt some fatigue and just felt a little "off"....maybe a slight fever, my wife took hers and said it was 99.0.
Tuesday back to normal.
1998: Noblesville; 2003: Noblesville; 2009: EV Nashville, Chicago, Chicago
2010: St Louis, Columbus, Noblesville; 2011: EV Chicago, East Troy, East Troy
2013: London ON, Wrigley; 2014: Cincy, St Louis, Moline (NO CODE)
2016: Lexington, Wrigley #1; 2018: Wrigley, Wrigley, Boston, Boston
2020: Oakland, Oakland: 2021: EV Ohana, Ohana, Ohana, Ohana
2022: Oakland, Oakland, Nashville, Louisville; 2023: Chicago, Chicago, Noblesville
2024: Noblesville, Wrigley, Wrigley, Ohana, Ohana
Exceptional!
https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/best-covid-treatment-discovery
A SURPRISING TREATMENT FOR COVID-19 COULD BE THE KEY TO STOPPING VARIANTS
5 HOURS AGO
WHEN FRANCE HAD ITS FIRST WAVE OF COVID-19 in February 2020, Nicolas Hoertel worried about his patients.
Hoertel is an associate professor of psychiatry at Paris University and a psychiatrist at Corentin Celton Hospital, which specializes in older adult psychiatry. Information coming out of China made it clear that the risk of severe disease or death from Covid-19 increases dramatically over the age of 65. At least half all of the patients in the 90-bed facility where Hoertel is a psychiatrist were very high risk.
Over 90 percent of France's 88,933 deaths in the past year occurred in people ages 65 and older. And yet, at the psychiatric hospital filled with antidepressant-taking patients, many of whom were in that high-risk age group, only one died. A genuinely shocking contrast when you compare it with any other facilities with older adults.
The antidepressants, evidence suggests, were helping these patients survive.
Intrigued by this revelation, from January to April 2020, Hoertel worked with a total of 39 hospitals (23 acute, 20 adult, 3 pediatric) in and around Paris to develop a multicenter observational retrospective study examining outcomes for Covid-19 patients. What he and his team found was remarkable: While some antidepressants appeared to have no effect on outcomes, several did to an astonishing degree.
They found cases of Covid-19 resulting in intubation or death could be reduced by as much as 72 percent. The antidepressants that were the most promising? They’re household names among those who struggle with treatment-resistant depression: venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND COVID-19
WHILE HOERTEL WAS WORKING IN FRANCE, Angela Reiersen, a psychiatrist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, had seen research that indicated fluvoxamine could be useful in treating sepsis, a condition that releases cytokines into the bloodstream and is often fatal.
Knowing that “cytokine storms” are associated with severe cases of Covid-19, Reiersen contacted her colleague Eric Lenze about doing a study together. The pair conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine if early use of the antidepressant fluvoxamine by Covid-19 patients could reduce severe outcomes. The researchers found that clinical deterioration occurred in 0 of 80 patients in the fluvoxamine and in 6 of 72 in the placebo group.
Now, studies in at least three countries — France, the United States, and Germany — support the idea that certain antidepressants can be an effective early treatment for Covid-19.
Not only does it appear to be effective, but it’s also fairly safe and cheap — millions of people are already taking the drugs. And compared to the only other real early Covid-19 treatment, monoclonal antibodies, a two-week course of antidepressants is wildly affordable.
Perhaps most excitingly, if more studies confirm these initial findings, experts Inverse spoke to say it’s very likely that antidepressants will be just as effective in combating severe outcomes from variants of the virus as they were in the study.
The precise mechanism by which these antidepressants are mitigating severe effects of Covid-19 is still unclear, though there are three compelling hypotheses:
There’s compelling evidence for all of the above. And it may turn out to be some combination of the three.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS CAN BE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
When Hoertel first started hypothesizing he, like Lenze and Reiersen, thought the anti-inflammatory hypothesis was the most likely answer because of something called the Sigma 1 Receptor (S1R). Activation of S1R is common with antidepressants and that activation can produce anti-inflammatory effects. But as the study progressed, the French psychiatrist thought that was less likely.
“Some of the antidepressants that target Sigma 1 we had very good results with and others that target the same receptor, not so much,” Hoertel tells Inverse. “So, for us, this explanation doesn’t work.”
He says it’s possible that there’s some positive effect from this anti-inflammatory, but it's not the answer his team has been looking for. “It’s not satisfying,” he says. “It’s not about to explain all our findings.”
The explanation he found most compelling is number three — the enzyme hypothesis. It was posited to him by a German physician and researcher, Erich Gulbins. Instead of focusing on the spike protein on the virus that allows it to penetrate and consequently replicate in a human cell, Gulbins wanted to know what was happening in the host cell.
Based on his research into waxy lipid molecules called ceramides — as well as the work of researchers like Hoertel — Gulbins hypothesizes that when the novel coronavirus enters the cell, it activates an enzyme called acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). When that enzyme is activated, ceramides are produced.
Ceramides function as the open door that lets the virus into the cell, where it can reproduce. What these antidepressants do is inhibit those enzymes. Fewer enzymes mean fewer ceramides and fewer open doors for the virus to stroll through into a human cell.
When a viral particle enters your body, the virus immediately starts looking for cells where it can reproduce. But if the “ceramide-door” theory is correct, the cells of people taking ASM inhibitors are little fortresses and the virus can’t find a way in.
PROTECTION FROM COVID-19 VARIANTS
What is especially thrilling about this possibility — this is all in the process of being reviewed and replicated — is not just that it would offer an inexpensive, readily available, and effective treatment for Covid-19, but what it might mean for the variants.
Vaccines teach the body what to look for and protect against. The coronavirus enters cells through its spike protein. So the vaccine gives your body a picture of the spike protein and says “create antibodies that attack and kill the thing attached to this spike.”
While some vaccines are proving to be very effective against some variants, other variants may pose more of a challenge. The reason that some vaccines may be less effective against some of the variants is because of spike protein mutations. When a virus mutates, and those mutations affect the thing your antibodies have been trained to look for, they might miss it — it depends on how different the mutation looks compared to what the antibodies have been trained to fight.
If the virus simply runs out of doors to go through, it can’t find a cell and replicate no matter what mutation disguise it might be wearing. It could be dressed up as a Girl Scout selling Thin Mints and the door still wouldn’t open.
Lenze cautions not to get too bogged down in which of the three mechanisms is at work — stressing that whatever the mechanism is causing the antidepressants to help, “they should work regardless of variants,” he tells Inverse.
What’s important, he stresses, is that these are effective, cheap, safe medications, that if taken early, can prevent severe Covid-19 outcomes. Determining which mechanism is at work will happen eventually (and probably not too far in the future) through more clinical trials and double-blind studies, like the at-home study he is conducting called Stop Covid 2.
While more research and clinical trials need to be done to confirm what the initial data show, Hoertel is hopeful. But he wants to be clear: the likelihood that some of these antidepressants provide a measure of protection against severe disease shouldn’t stop anyone from getting a vaccine or feeling overconfident about their level of protection — there’s still too much that needs to be replicated and confirmed.
Instead, he says, we should follow his lead: “Be hopeful but cautious.”
Here is done further good reading on this:
“Moreover, we suggest that sertraline may exhibit antiviral effect against COVID-19 but with unknown mechanism of action.”
If by "everyone" you mean the general population, then no, that wouldn't be indicated or necessary. If by "everyone" you mean people infected with covid-19 who are symptomatic and there is concern about progression, then I don't see why it wouldn't be ethical. These are medications to treat health conditions - there shouldn't be any stigma to taking them.
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/fluvoxamine-antidepressant-drug-covid-treatment-60-minutes-2021-03-07/#x
Prague Krakow Berlin 2018. Berlin 2022
EV, Taormina 1+2 2017.
I wish i was the souvenir you kept your house key on..
astoria 06
albany 06
hartford 06
reading 06
barcelona 06
paris 06
wembley 07
dusseldorf 07
nijmegen 07
this song is meant to be called i got shit,itshould be called i got shit tickets-hartford 06 -
Prague Krakow Berlin 2018. Berlin 2022
EV, Taormina 1+2 2017.
I wish i was the souvenir you kept your house key on..
Setting good examples, not sure that could work here
2012: Atlanta
2013: London ONT / Wrigley Field / Pittsburgh / Buffalo / San Diego / Los Angeles I / Los Angeles II
2014: Cincinnati / St. Louis / Tulsa / Lincoln / Detroit / Denver
2015: New York City
2016: Ft. Lauderdale / Miami / Jacksonville / Greenville / Hampton / Columbia / Lexington / Philly II / New York City II / Toronto II / Bonnaroo / Telluride / Fenway I / Wrigley I / Wrigley - II / TOTD - Philadelphia, San Francisco
2017: Ohana Fest (EV)
2018: Amsterdam I / Amsterdam II / Seattle I / Seattle II / Boston I / Boston II
2021: Asbury Park / Ohana Encore 1 / Ohana Encore 2
2022: Phoenix / LA I / LA II / Quebec City / Ottawa / New York City / Camden / Nashville / St. Louis / Denver
2023: St. Paul II
2024: Las Vegas I / Las Vegas II / New York City I / New York City II / Philly I / Philly II / Baltimore
2012: Atlanta
2013: London ONT / Wrigley Field / Pittsburgh / Buffalo / San Diego / Los Angeles I / Los Angeles II
2014: Cincinnati / St. Louis / Tulsa / Lincoln / Detroit / Denver
2015: New York City
2016: Ft. Lauderdale / Miami / Jacksonville / Greenville / Hampton / Columbia / Lexington / Philly II / New York City II / Toronto II / Bonnaroo / Telluride / Fenway I / Wrigley I / Wrigley - II / TOTD - Philadelphia, San Francisco
2017: Ohana Fest (EV)
2018: Amsterdam I / Amsterdam II / Seattle I / Seattle II / Boston I / Boston II
2021: Asbury Park / Ohana Encore 1 / Ohana Encore 2
2022: Phoenix / LA I / LA II / Quebec City / Ottawa / New York City / Camden / Nashville / St. Louis / Denver
2023: St. Paul II
2024: Las Vegas I / Las Vegas II / New York City I / New York City II / Philly I / Philly II / Baltimore
I really, really hope that in eagerness, all caution isn’t thrown to the wind.