ABDA World War II acronym for the 1942 cooperative American-British-Dutch-Australian defense of the Pacific and Indian Ocean theater
ABERDEEN World War II code name for Chindit stronghold near Manhton, Burma
ABILENE Gulf War VII Corps phase line
ABLE SENTRY United States European Command operations in Macedonia (Former Republic of Yugoslavia)
ACCOLADE World War II seizure of the Dodecanese
ACHSE World War II German plan to take control of Italy
ALAMO World War II code name for the task force (built around Headquarters, Sixth Army) operating directly under General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area for operations in New Guinea
ALARICH World War II German plan for the occupation of northern Italy by Army Group B (Rommel) if Italy collapsed politically
ALPHA World War II plan to defend Kunming and Chungking
ALSOS World War II code name for the Allied special intelligence forces' mission to collect information about German nuclear fission developments
ANAKIM World War II plan to recapture Burma
ANTON World War II (10-11 November 1942) German occupation of southern France (areas previously unoccupied and under the jurisdiction of the Vichy government)
ANVIL World War II plan for the invasion of southern France--see later DRAGOON
ANVIL Gulf War code name for a VII Corps objective
APPLE Gulf War VII Corps phase line
APRICOT Gulf War phase line for 1st Armored Division movement from Tactical Assembly Area THOMPSON to Forward Assembly Area GARCIA
ARCADIA World War II code name for the Washington Conference December 1941-January 1942
ARGONAUT World War II code name for the Malta and Yalta Conference January-February 1945
ARGUMENT World War II plan for USSTAF air operations against German aircraft factories, February 1944.
ATTLEBORO Vietnam large-scale offensive operation in III Corps Tactical Zone in the fall of 1966
AUDACIOUS Korean War (12 April 1951) Eighth Army plan for an orderly withdrawal
AUSLADUNG World War II German secondary attack designed to extend the Tunis bridgehead in the north as part of Operation OCHSENKOPF
AVALANCHE World War II (9 September 1943) invasion of Italy at Salerno
AXE Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
AXIOM World War II code name for the mission sent to London in February 1944 to urge CULVERIN
BACKHANDER World War II code name for the task force to conduct operations on Cape Gloucester on the island of New Britain
BANANA Gulf War phase line for 1st Armored Division movement from Tactical Assembly Area THOMPSON to Forward Assembly Area GARCIA
BARBAROSSA World War II (1941) German offensive against the USSR
BARCLAY World War II plan to induce the Axis to give priority to maintaining and reinforcing its forces in southern France and the Balkans
BARRACUDA World War II plan (cancelled) for an airborne and amphibious assault on Naples
BAYTOWN World War II (3 September 1943) British invasion of Italy at Reggio di Calabria mounted from Sicily
BERLIN Gulf War VII Corps phase line
BETA World War II plan to open a port on the coast of China
BIG STICK Korean War plan to destroy the Communist supply complex based on Sibyon-ni, to advance the Eighth Army left flank to the Yesong River, and to regain Kaesong
BIG SWITCH Korean War
BLACK Pre-World War II plan to occupy Dakar
BLACKCOCK World War II British 12 Corps operation to clear the German salient between the Meuse and Roer-Wurm Rivers from Roermond southward
BLACKJACK Series of special operations in Vietnam
BLACKJACK 33 Vietnam special operation 27 April-24 May 1967 in III Corps Tactical Zone in conjunction with Project SIGMA (Detachment B-56)
BLACKJACK 41 Vietnam special operation in the Seven Mountains region in the spring of 1967
BLACKPOOL World War II code name for Chindit roadblock on the railroad near Namkwin, Burma
BLADE JEWEL United States Southern Command 1989 evacuation of dependents from Panama
BLOCKBUSTER World War II plan for Canadian II Corps offensive in the Calcar-Udem-Xanten area
BLUE SPOON United States Southern Command complex of operational plans 1988-1989 covering various contingencies in Panama
BLUEHEARTS Korean War draft plan for amphibious landing; abandoned 10 July 1950 and replaced by CHROMITE
BOLERO World War II (1942) plan for offensive operations against Germany on the European mainland and for the build-up of US forces and supplies in the United Kingdom for the cross-Channel attack
BONN Gulf War VII Corps objective (1st Armored Division)
BOSTON World War II Southwest Pacific Area of Operations plan to occupy and construct an airfield in the Abau-Mullins Harbor region of New Guinea
BRAGG Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
BRASS Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective
BRASSARD World War II plan for operations against the island of Elba
BREASTPLATE World War II plan (cancelled) for a seaborne attack from Malta against Sousse
BREWER World War II plan for operations in the Admiralty Islands
BRIMSTONE World War II plan (canceled) for the capture of Sardinia
BROADWAY World War II code name for a drop site about fifty miles northwest of Indaw, Burma, used to resupply the Chindits
BROWN Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps objective
BUCCANEER World War II plan (cancelled) for the amphibious capture of the Andaman Islands
BUCKSHOT 16 Korean War operation by the Republic of Korea 11th Division, Republic of Korea I Corps, to take North Korean prisoners
BUFFALO World War II operation to break out of the Anzio beachhead
BUMP Gulf War Forward Assembly Area used by Aviation Brigade, 1st Armored Division
BUTTRESS World War II British operation (cancelled) against the toe of the Italian peninsula involving landings at Goija staged from North Africa
BYPRODUCT World War II code name for Trobriand Islands (not an actual operation)
CACTUS World War II operation to capture Guadalcanal (a sub-task of WATCHTOWER)
CAMEL World War II code name for the task force for the invasion of southern France built around the 36th Infantry Division
CAPITAL World War II plan for the attack across the Chindwin River to Mandalay
CAPRI World War II plan for an attack against Médenine
CARBONADO World War II plan to open a port on the coast of China (revised BETA)
CARPETBAGGER World War II operation to airdrop supplies from the United Kingdom to patriot forces in western Europe
CARTWHEEL World War II operations to capture the Solomon Islands, New Britain, and New Ireland involving convergent operations from the South Pacific and Southwest Pacific Areas of Operations targeted against Rabaul
CASANOVA World War II diversionary operation by the 95th Infantry Division during operations against Metz
CATCHPOLE World War II plan for operations against the Eniwetok and Ujelang Atolls in the Marshall Islands
CAUSEWAY World War II operation plan (August 1944) to capture Formosa which was not executed
CENT World War II code name for the beaches at Scoglitti, Sicily
CHAMPION World War II plan (late 1943) for a general offensive in Burma
CHAMPION MAIN Code name for the Headquarters of the 82d Airborne Division in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia during DESERT SHIELD
CHARGER Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
CHATTANOOGA CHOO CHOO World War II AEAF operations against German train movements in France and Germany
CHERRY Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
CHESTNUT World War II code name for four airborne missions sent by Montgomery in an effort to reinforce his army in Sicily with airborne troops
CHOPSTICK 6 Korean War plan for the envelopment of the high ground south of P'yong-gang by a reinforced Republic of Korea division
CHOPSTICK 16 Korean War plan for a two-division attack to drive the Communists from the area east and south of the Nam River
CHROMITE Korean War (September 1950) landing at Inch'on
CHRONICLE World War II operation to capture Woodlark Island and Kiriwina
CITADEL Ground convoy task force of the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, that opened a main supply route to Forward Operating Base COBRA on 24 February 1991 during DESERT STORM
CLAM-UP Korean War operation to delude the Communists by imposing silence along the front lines 10-15 February 1952
CLEANSLATE World War II operation to occupy the Russell Islands
CLIPPER World War II British 30 Corps offensive to reduce the Geilenkirchen salient
COBALT Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective
COBRA World War II plan for the First Army's operation designed to penetrate the German defenses west of St. Lô and secure Coutances, France
COBRA (FOB) Forward Operating Base (FOB) of the 101st Airborne Division in Iraq secured by deep air assault on 24 February 1991 during DESERT STORM
COLLINS Gulf War code name for a VII Corps objective
COLORADO Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
COMMANDO Korean War plan for an offensive to establish the JAMESTOWN line
CONTINUE HOPE United States Central Command operations in Somalia May-December 1993 in support of UNOSOM II
COPPER Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective consisting of COPPER SOUTH (4th Armoured Brigade) and COPPER NORTH (7th Armoured Brigade)
CORKSCREW World War II (June 1943) conquest of the island of Pantelleria
CORONET World War II operation (not executed) to invade the island of Honshu at the Tokyo plain
COTTAGE World War II (1943) recapture of Kiska
COUNTER Korean War plan for the 45th Infantry Division (I Corps) to capture strategic outpost sites
COUGAR Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
COURAGEOUS Korean War (1951) operation for the advance to the Imjin River as a follow-on to RIPPER
CRICKET World War II code name for the Malta portion of the ARGONAUT Conference
CROSSBOW World War II operations by the Royal Air Force against German V-weapon experimental bases
CROSSROADS 1946 nuclear weapon test on Bikini Atoll
CROSSWORD World War II code name for a covert operation intended to lead to the surrender of Germany (2 May 1944)
CRUSH Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
CUDGEL World War II plan (cancelled) for small-scale operations on the Arakan coast of Burma
CUDGEL Korean War plan for an advance from the WYOMING line in the I and IX Corps sectors
CULVERIN World War II plan for the assault on Sumatra
CYCLONE World War II operation to capture Noemfoor (1944)
DAGUET French name for their participation in the Gulf War
DAUNTLESS Korean War (1951) plan for a limited advance by I and IX Corps against the Iron Triangle
DELTA World War II code name for the task force for the invasion of southern France built around the 45th Infantry Division
DENVER Gulf War code name for a VII Corps objective
DENY FLIGHT North Atlantic Treaty Organization operations over Bosnia-Herzegovina to enforce United Nations Security Council Resolution 816 (initiated 13 April 1993)
DESERT CALM Gulf War
DESERT FAREWELL Gulf War redeployment
DESERT SABRE Gulf War
DESERT SHIELD United States Central Command deployment in defense of Saudi Arabia, 7 August 1990-16 January 1991
DESERT STORM United States Central Command offensive operations against Iraq, 17 January-28 February 1991 (the "Gulf War")
DESERT SWORD Gulf War code name used in early phases of planning for offensive operations
DEXTERITY World War II operations in western New Britain and Saidor
DIADEM World War II (11 May 1944) Allied offensive in Italy
DIBDBAH CHARGE Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division exercise to cover its displacement into final tactical assembly area
DIME World War II code name for the beaches at Gela, Sicily
DIRECTOR World War II code name for the task force for the invasion of Arawe in New Britain
DIXIE World War II code name for the US observer mission to the Chines communists
DODGE United States Central Command main supply route during the Gulf War; the Trans-Arabian Pipeline (TAPLINE) Road and the connecting portion of the coastal highway in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province extending north from Dhahran-Dammam
DOVETAIL World War II rehearsal in Fiji of the operation to capture Guadalcanal and a lodgement in the southern Solomon Islands (a sub-task of PESTILENCE)
DRACULA World War II (1944) plan for an attack on Rangoon
DRAGOON World War II final plan for the invasion of southern France (15 August 1944); code name was changed from ANVIL on 27 July 1944)
DRAGOON Gulf War 1st Infantry Division attack position (where 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry, assembled to conduct passage through the breach of border defenses)
DRYGOODS World War II logistical operation to mass supplies at Guadalcanal in February 1943
DULUTH Korean War line of defense to be established by Operation SUNDIAL
EAGLE Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
EASTERN EXIT United States Central Command evacuation of the United States Embassy in Mogadishu, Somalia, 2-11 January 1991, employing elements of the 4th Marine Expeditionary Brigade [4th MEB]
ECLIPSE World War II name given to Operation TALISMAN after a presumed compromise of security
EILBOTE World War II (January 1943) for a German operation to capture the Kebir River dam and to drive the French off the Eastern Dorsal in Tunisia
ELDORADO CANYON United States European Command 1986 air strike on Libya
ELKTON GEN Douglas MacArthur's World War II plan (not executed) for the capture of Rabaul
ENCORE World War II (February 1945) IV Corps limited objective operation against Mounte Belvedere
END RUN World War II code name for the task force built around the survivors of Task Force GALAHAD used for the drive on Myitkyina, Burma
ENIGMA World War II--see ULTRA
EUREKA World War II code name for the Tehran Conference, November 1943
EVERREADY Korean War plan covering eventualities of Republic of Korea domestic disturbances and disengaging United Nations Command forces
FATIMA World War II code name for the Mason-MacFarlane Mission
FELIX World War II plan to capture Gibraltar and close the straits of Gibraltar
FIERY VIGIL United States Pacific Command operations 16-26 June 1991 in the Philippine Islands to evacuate personnel after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo
FIREBRAND World War II (1943) invasion of Corsica
FIVESOME World War II codeword to cover the multi-national agreement for the coordination of operations in the Southwest Pacific
FLASHPOINT World War II (March 1945) Ninth Army assault crossing of the Rhine as part of Operation PLUNDER
FLAX World War II air operations to disrupt the flow of German air transports from Italy to Sicily and Tunisia
FLINTLOCK World War II operation to capture the Marshall Islands
FORAGER World War II operation to capture the Mariana Islands
FOURTH TERM World War II (February 1945) IV Corps limited objective operation in the Serchio Valley
FOX Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
FRANTIC World War II Air Force shuttle bombing of Axis-controlled Europe from bases in the United Kingdom, Italy, and the USSR
FRICTION Canadian code name for its naval contribution to Operation SCIMITAR (Gulf War)
FRUEHLINGSWIND World War II (February 1943) German Fifth Panzer Army attack against Sidi Bou Zid
FRY World War II operation to occupy four islands in Lake Comacchio, Italy
GALAHAD World War II code name for American long-range penetration groups in Burma
GALVANIC World War II operation to capture the Gilbert Islands and Makin
GANGWAY World War II plan (cancelled) for the unopposed landing at Naples
GARCIA Gulf War Forward Assembly Area for 1st Armored Division
GARDEN World War II--see MARKET
GEORGIA 24th Infantry Division north-south main supply route in Iraq during DESERT STORM
GHOST ZONE United States Southern Command counter-drug operations in Bolivia
GIANT I World War II plan (canceled) for an air landing and airborne drop along the Volturno River
GIANT II World War II plan (canceled) for an airborne drop near Rome
GOBLET World War II plan (canceled) for the invasion of Italy at Cotrone
GOLD World War II code name for the assault beach at Normandy assigned to British 30 Corps
GOLD Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps objective (Tallil Air Base)
GOLDEN PHEASANT United States Army Forces Command deployment of forces to Honduras, 1987
GOLDFLAKE World War II code name for the movement of Canadian I Corps from Italy to the European Theater of Operations
GRANBY British name for their participation in the Gulf War
GRANITE World War II tentative plan (13 January 1944) by ADM Chester Nimitz for the capture of the Marshall Islands and other 1944 offensive operations
GRAPE Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
GRAY Pre-World War II contingency plan to occupy the Azores
GREEN SWEEP United States Southern Command counter-drug operation in Bolivia
GRENADE World War II (February 1945) assault crossing of the Roer River by Ninth Army followed by a drive northeast to link with the First Canadian Army along the Rhine River; World War II large-scale offensive by 21 Army Group from the Roer to the Rhine
GREY Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps objective
GYMNAST World War II (1941) plan for the Allied invasion of French northwest Africa
HAMMER Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
HARDIHOOD World War II code name for Allied aid to Turkey in an effort to induce that nation to enter the war
HAWKEYE XVIII Airborne Corps disaster relief operations in St. Croix, 1989
HERBSTNEBEL World War II German operational plan for a withdrawal in Italy beyond the Po River
HERKULES World War II (1942) German plan (cancelled) to invade Malta
HIGHBOY Korean War I Corps artillery operation to bring direct fire on enemy positions and bunkers not accessible to other artillery and mortar fire
HOME COMING Korean War plan for limited operation offered as a substitute for BIG STICK
HUDDLE World War II operation to occupy Ndeni (a sub-task of PESTILENCE)
HURRICANE World War II operation to capture Biak (1944)
HUSKY World War II (July 1943) operation to invade Sicily
ICEBURG World War II operation to capture Okinawa (1945)
ICHIGO World War II Japanese operation to capture US air bases in east China
INDEPENDENCE World War II French offensive towards Belfort, France
INDIGO Pre-World War II contingency plan for the reinforcement of Iceland
INTERLUDE World War II code name for the rehearsal for the capture of Morotai
IOWA Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
ITALY Gulf War VII Corps phase line
JAMESTOWN Korean War defensive line to be established by Operation COMMANDO
JET Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
JOSS World War II code name for the beaches in the Licata area
JUNO World War II code name for the Normandy assault beach assigned to the Canadian 3rd Division
JUST CAUSE United States Southern Command invasion of Panama, 20 December 1989-January 1990
KANSAS-WYOMING Korean War defensive lines in the vicinity of the 38th Parallel
KAPUT World War II (April 1945) Ninth Army assignment of defeating an incursion into the zone of the XIII Corps and of clearing a sector along the Elbe River
KEYSTONE Plan for withdrawal of US forces from Vietnam beginning in 1969. Phases of the withdrawal were further identified with a series of names of birds: KEYSTONE EAGLE; KEYSTONE CARDINAL; KEYSTONE BLUEJAY; KEYSTONE ROBIN.
KILLER Korean War (1951) IX Corps offensive to the Som River
KING TWO World War II operation to capture Leyte and the southern Philippines (1944)
KNIFE Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
KONSTANTIN World War II German reinforcement of the Balkans and Greece
KOPENHAGEN World War II German plan for the seizure of the Mount Cenis Pass as part of Operation Plan ACHSE
LARRY Gulf War Forward Assembly Area used by Aviation Brigade, 1st Armored Division
LEATHERBACK World War II cover name for Woodlark Island (not an operation name)
LEHRGANG World War II (11-17 August 1943) evacuation of German troops from Sicily to the Italian mainland
LEVER World War II operation in Italy to clear the area between Reno and the southwest shore of Lake Comacchio
LEYTE VICTORY Gulf War code name used by 24th Infantry Division during early planning for offensive options
LIBERTY Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
LILLIPUT World War II operation to defend Buna (1942)
LIME Gulf War VII Corps phase line
LITTLE SWITCH Korean War operation for the repatriation of sick and wounded prisoners of war
LONDON World War II phase line for XVIII Airborne Corps near Wesel, Germany
LUMBERJACK World War II (February-March 1945) converging offensive by First and Third Armies to create a pocket of trapped Germans in the Eifel
MAGIC World War II signals intelligence derived from interception of Japanese encoded message traffic
MAGNET World War II movement of the first US forces into Northern Ireland
MAGNETO World War II code name for the Yalta portion of the Argonaut Conference
MAILFIST World War II (1945) recapture of Singapore
MAINYARD World War II code name for the island of Guadalcanal (not an operation name)
MALLORY MAJOR World War II air offensive against the bridges over the Po River
MANNA World War II British occupation of southern Greece
MARKET World War II airborne operation in September 1944 Holland designed to facility ground force crossing of lower Rhine River (also see GARDEN)
MARS World War II code name for the US task force in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations that was the 5332d Brigade (Provisional)
MELLON Gulf War VII Corps phase line
MICHAELMAS World War II code name for the task force for the seizure of Saidor on New Guinea
MIKE ONE World War II plan for the invasion of Lingayen Gulf
MIKE TWO World War II plan for the invasion of Dingalan Bay
MIKE THREE World War II plan for the invasion of Vigan
MIKE FOUR World War II plan for the invasion of Nasugbu and Balayan Bays
MIKE SIX World War II plan for the invasion of Batangas and Tayabas Bays
MIKE SEVEN World War II plan for the invasion of the Zambales coast
MINCEMEAT World War II cover plan to divert attention from Operation HUSKY to induce the Axis to believe that Allied objectives were Sardinia and the Peloponnesus instead of Sicily
MINERVA World War II code name for the 6 November 1942 embarkation of General Henri Giraud from southern France
MINNESOTA Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
MONACO Gulf War VII Corps phase line
MONTCLAIR World War II; final name given to PRINCETON
MORGENLUFT World War II (February 1943) German attack by the Afrika Korps against Gafsa after Operation FRUEHLINGSWIND
MUSKET World War II plan for a projected landing in 1943 on the heel of the Italian peninsula near Taranto
MUSKETEER World War II basic plan for operation to liberate the Philippine Islands
MUSTANG World War II plan (canceled) for an overland seizure of Naples after initial landings in Calabria
NEPTUNE World War II plan for the actual 1944 operations within OVERLORD; used for security reasons after September 1943 on all OVERLORD planning papers that referred to the target area and date
NEW GALAHAD World War II code name for American long-range penetration groups in Burma
NEW JERSEY Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
NEW YORK World War II XVIII Airborne Corps phase line in the Ringenberk-Krudenberg area in Germany
NEWMARKET Code name for the 101st Airborne Division's main supply route to Forward Operating Base COBRA during DESERT STORM
NIMROD DANCER United States Southern Command build-up of rotational forces in Panama, summer of 1989
NORDWIND World War II German January 1945 offensive against the Seventh Army in Alsace (launched 31 December 1944)
NUNTON World War II (March 1944) Allied cover and deception plan
OCHSENKOPF World War II (26 February 1943) German operation to extend the Tunis bridgehead by capturing Bédja and Medjez el Bab
OCTAGON World War II code name for the Quebec Conference, September 1944
OLIVE World War II (September 1944) attack on the Gothic Line in Italy
OLIVENERNTE World War II (January 1943) German plan (cancelled) to capture Medjez el Bab
OLYMPIC World War II plan (not executed) for the March 1946 invasion of the island of Kyushu
OMAHA World War II code name for the assault beach at Normandy assigned to V Corps
OMAHA Gulf War VII Corps phase line
ORANGE Pre-World War II plan within the RAINBOW matrix for unilateral conflict between the United States and Japan; ORANGE 1 was approved in 1938, ORANGE 3 in April 1941
ORANGE Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps objective (Jalibah Air Base)
OVERLORD World War II (6 June 1944) Allied cross-Channel invasion of northwest Europe
OVERWHELMING Korean War (1951) plan for an offensive by Eighth Army to the P'yonggang-Wonsan line (cancelled)
PANTHER World War II British 10 Corps drive across the Garigliano River in Italy
PARASOL-SWITCHBACK Vietnam 1963 program supplying founds for use with the Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) program
PARIS World War II XVIII Airborne Corps phase line west of Erle, Germany
PATRIOT DEFENDER Name applied to United States European Command deployment of Patriot missiles to Israel in 1991 during Gulf War
PEAR Gulf War VII Corps phase line
PERPETUAL World War II (11 November 1942) Eastern Task Force reserve's landing at Bougie
PERSECUTION World War II operation to capture Aitape (1944)
PESTILENCE COMSOPAC OPLAN 1-42, 16 July 1942, World War II plan for "Task One" to launch the initial offensive operation in Guadalcanal and the southern Solomon Islands
PICADILLY World War II code name for a drop site for the Chindits in Burma
PIGSTICK World War II limited operation (cancelled) on the south Mayu Peninsula
PILEDRIVER Korean War (1951) counterattack operation
PINK Korean War (December 1950) emergency shipment of logistical support from the Continental United States to build up the Far East Command
PLATINUM Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective
PLUM Gulf War phase line for 1st Armored Division movement from Tactical Assembly Area THOMPSON to Forward Assembly Area GARCIA
PLUNDER World War II (March 1945) 21 Army Group assault across the Rhine north of the Ruhr
POINTBLANK World War II combined bomber offensive against Germany from bases in the United Kingdom
POLECHARGE Korean War plan for the capture of hill objectives on the JAMESTOWN line during Operation COMMANDO
POPLAR TREE United States Southern Command 1989 plan (not executed) for possible evacuation of personnel from El Salvador
POSTERN World War II operation to capture Lae-Finschhofen-Madang
POWERPACK United States Atlantic Command operation 1965-1966 in the Dominican Republic
PRINCETON World War II plan establishing the basic outline for the reoccupation of the Visayas-Mindanao-Borneo-Netherlands East Indies area (later renamed MUSKETEER)
PRODUCTIVE EFFORT Original name for SEA ANGEL
PROMOTE LIBERTY United States Southern Command stability operation conducted in Panama in 1990 after the conclusion of JUST CAUSE
PROVEN FORCE United States European Command joint task force operation from Turkey as part of the Gulf War
PROVIDE COMFORT United States European Command operations (two) conducted in Turkey in support of Kurdish refugees from northern Iraq
PROVIDE HOPE United States European Command humanitarian relief operation in 1992 in the former Soviet Union
PROVIDE PROMISE United States European Command humanitarian relief operation 1991-1993 in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia
PROVIDE REFUGE United States Pacific Command humanitarian relief operation in 1993 at Kwajalein Atoll
PROVIDE RELIEF United States Central Command humanitarian relief operation in 1992 staged by a joint task force operating from base in Kenya
PROVIDE TRANSITION United States Air Force operation in 1992 in Angola
PROVIDENCE World War II plan (canceled) for the occupation of the Buna area of New Guinea
PUGILIST-GALLOP World War II (1943) attack to outflank the Mareth Line in Tunisia
PURPLE Gulf War code name for an VII Corps objective
PURPLE STORM United States Southern Command exercises in Panama in 1989 to both assert United States treaty rights and to conduct tactical rehearsals for JUST CAUSE
PYTHON Gulf War attack position near Al Busayyah used by Aviation Brigade, 1st Armored Division
QUADRANT World War II code name for the Quebec Conference (August 1943)
QUEEN World War II 12th Army Group operation on the Roer plain between the Wurm and the Roer Rivers
QUICK LIFT 1991 evacuation of personnel in Zaire
RAINBOW Term used to apply to the collection of war plans developed prior to World War II (each of which was named with a color); RAINBOW 5 was published in October 1941
RAINCOAT World War II assault on the Camino hill mass in Italy
RALEIGH Gulf War code name for a VII Corps objective
RAM Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
RASHNESS World War II revised CORONADO plan
RAVENOUS World War II plan by 4 Corps for the recapture of northern Burma
RAZOR Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
RECKLESS World War II operation to capture Hollandia (1944)
RED Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps objective
RENO GEN Douglas MacArthur's World War II plan for an advance along the northern coast of New Guinea to Mindanao
RESERVIST World War II code name for the seizure of vital points at Oran and the landing of Allied forces to prevent sabotage in the harbor
RESTORE HOPE United States Central Command humanitarian relief operation in Somalia, December 1992-May 1993
RETRIBUTION World War II (April-June 1943) plan to prevent Axis forces from reaching Italian territory if they should attempt to evacuate Tunisia
RINGBOLT World War II operation to capture Tulagi (a sub-task of WATCHTOWER)
RIPPER Korean War (1951) offensive against Ch'unch'on
RIPPER Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
RO World War II Japanese air operation to augment the air forces at Rabaul and delay Allied offensives
ROAST World War II operation to clear Comacchio Spit, Italy
ROCHAMBEAU 6th (French) Light Armored Division's intermediate objective during operation DESERT STORM while under the tactical control of XVIII Airborne Corps
ROGER World War II capture of Phuket Island of the Kra Isthmus in Burma
ROMEO World War II code name for the French commando force that landed at Cap Nègre
ROMULUS World War II Arakan part of CAPITAL
ROOSTER World War II operation to fly the Chinese 22d Division to Chihchiang
ROSE World War II operation (April 1945) in the Ruhr pocket
ROSIE World War II code name for the French naval force that landed southwest of Cannes during DRAGOON
ROUNDHAMMER World War II plan for a cross-Channel operation intermediate in size between SLEDGEHAMMER and ROUNDUP
ROUNDUP World War II (1943) plan for the cross-Channel operation
ROUNDUP Korean War (1951) X Corps advance on Hongch'on-P'yonch'ang
RUGBY World War II code name for the airborne forces dropping behind the beaches during the invasion of Southern France
RUGGED Korean War (1951) advance to the Imjin River
SABER Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
SALAMANDER French code name for air component of Operation DAGUET (Gulf War)
SAND FLEA United States Southern Command exercises in Panama in 1989 to both assert United States treaty rights and to conduct tactical rehearsals for JUST CAUSE
SATIN World War II (December 1942) plan (canceled) for II Corps to attack Sfaz, Tunisia
SATURATE Korean War plan for the interdiction bombing of North Korean railroads
SAUCY World War II limited offensive to reopen a land supply route from Burma to China
SCATTER Korean War screening plan for the repatriation of prisoners of war
SCIMITAR Canadian code name for its participation in the Gulf War
SCIPIO World War II (6 April 1942) attack by the Eighth Army at Akarit wadi
SEA ANGEL United States Pacific Command disaster relief operation in 1991 in Bangladesh
SEA ANGEL II United States Pacific Command disaster relief operation in 1992 in Bangladesh
SEELOEWE World War II (1940-1941) German plan (canceled) for the invasion of the United Kingdom [SEA LION]
SEXTANT World War II code name for the Cairo Conferences (22-26 November and 3-7 December 1943)
SHARP EDGE United States Marine Corps-let noncombatant evacuation operation 5-21 August 1990 in Liberia
SHINGLE World War II (22 January 1944) amphibious operation at Anzio
SHO World War II Japanese plan for a counterattack against US forces in the western Pacific
SHOWDOWN Korean War plan designed to improve IX Corps defensive line positions north of Kumhwa
SIEGFRIED World War II German plan for the occupation of the southern coast of France as part of Operation ACHSE
SITKA World War II code name for the task force that captured the islands of Levant and Port Cros in the Mediterranean
SLAPSTICK World War II (9 September 1943) British airborne landing at Taranto, Italy, mounted from Bizerte, Tunisia
SLEDGEHAMMER World War II (1942) plan for a limited cross-Channel attack
SMACK Korean War plan for a combined air-tank-infantry-artillery test strike
SMASH Gulf War code name for a phase line applying to both XVIII Airborne Corps and VII Corps
SOUTHERN STORM Gulf War code name used by 24th Infantry Division in preliminary planning for an offensive operation into Kuwait
SOUTHERN WATCH United States Central Command operations initiated after Gulf War to enforce United Nations "no-fly" restrictions in southern Iraq
SPAIN Gulf War VII Corps phase line
STALEMATE World War II invasion of the Palaus
STEEL BOX Removal of chemical weapons from Germany 26 June-22 September 1990
STEWART Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
STRANGLE World War II (March-May 1944) air operations to interdict the movement of Axis supplies in Italy
STRANGLE Korean War (1951) air operations to disrupt North Korean logistics by interdiction bombing
STURMFLUT World War II (19-22 February 1943) German operation by Field Marshal Rommel against the Kasserine Pass and Sbiba gap
SUNDIAL Korean War plan to establish the DULUTH defensive line
SUPERCHARGE World War II (November 1942) breakout by British 30 Corps in Egypt as part of Eighth Army's offensive in the Western Desert
SUPERCHARGE World War II (March 1943) revised plan for the assault on the Mereth Line
SUPER-GYMNAST World War II plan for Anglo-American invasion of French North Africa, combining US and British plans [often used interchangeably with GYMNAST]
SWITCHBACK Vietnam program November 1962-July 1963 in which the Army began assuming responsibility for the U.S. participation in the CIDG program
SWORD World War II code name for the assault beach at Normandy assigned to British 3d Division
SYMBOL World War II cover name for the Casablanca Conference (14-23 January 1943)
TALISMAN World War II name for early plan for post-hostilities activities in Germany
TALON World War II Akyab part of CAPITAL
TALONS Korean War outline plan for a ground offensive to bolster the Eighth Army's eastern front
TANGERINE Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
TARZAN World War II India-based portion of the general offensive in Burma
TED World War II code name for a task force operating in the Aitape area of New Guinea
TERMINAL World War II (8 November 1942) operation in the harbor of Algiers
TERMINAL World War II code name for the Potsdam Conference (16 July-2 August 1945)
TEXAS XVIII Airborne Corps north-south main supply route in Iraq during DESERT STORM; extended from the vicinity of Rafha, Saudi Arabia, to As Salman, Iraq
TEXAS Gulf War VII Corps phase line
THESEUS World War II (1942) German plan for operations in Libya
THOMPSON Gulf War Tactical Assembly Area for 1st Armored Division
THUNDERBOLT World War II offensive in the Metz area
THUNDERBOLT Korean War (1951) reconnaissance in force operations up to the Han River
TIDALWAVE World War II code name for the 1943 low level attack on Ploesti, Rumania, by heavy bombers
TIGER World War II code name for one of the rehearsal exercises for OVERLORD
TOENAILS World War II operation to capture New Georgia
TOGO World War II second phase of the Japanese ICHIGO operation
TOMAHAWK Korean War (1951) airborne operation by the 187th Regimental Combat Team at Munsan-ni as part of Operation COURAGEOUS
TORCH World War II (November 1942) Allied invasion of northwest Africa
TOREADOR World War II airborne assault on Mandalay
TORNADO World War II operation to capture Wakde-Sarmi (1944)
TOUCHDOWN Korean War operation to gain control of Heartbreak Ridge
TRADEWIND World War II operation to capture Morotai (1944)
TRANSFIGURE World War II plan (cancelled) for airborne operations on the west side of the Seine River to block German escape routes
TREBOR Gulf War British name for Special Boat Service operation 28 February 1991 to reoccupy their embassy in Kuwait City
TRIDENT World War II cover name for the Washington Conference (12-25 May 1943)
TULSA World War II first outline plan by General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area, for operations directed at the capture of Rabaul
TUNGSTEN Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective
TWILIGHT World War II plan to base B-29 bombers in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations
TYPHOON World War II operation to capture Sansapor-Mar (1944) in New Guinea
ULTRA World War II signals intelligence derived from interception and decoding of German ENIGMA machine ciphers
UNDERTONE World War II (March-April 1945) offensive by Third and Seventh Armies to break through the West Wall and clear the Saar-Palatinate triangle (area within the Rhine, Moselle, and Lauter-Saar Rivers), and to secure a bridgehead east of the Rhine River in the vicinity of Worms
UPHOLD DEMOCRACY United States Atlantic Command permissive entry stability operation in Haiti, 1994-1995
URGENT FURY United States Atlantic Command invasion of Grenada, 1983
UTAH World War II code name for the assault beach at Normandy assigned to VII Corps
VANGUARD Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
VARSITY World War II First Allied Airborne Army operation for crossing of Rhine River in vicinity of Wesel, Germany, in 1945 in support of Operation PLUNDER
VERITABLE World War II Canadian First Army operation to clear the area between the Maas and Rhine Rivers
VERMONT Gulf War VII Corps phase line (Saudi Arabia-Iraq border)
VICTOR I World War II operation in Panay and Negros Occidental
VICTOR II World War II operation in Cebu, Bohol, and Negros Oriental
VICTOR III World War II Eighth Army operation against Palawan
VICTOR IV World War II Eighth Army operation against the Sulu Archipelago and the Zamboanga area of Mindanao
VICTOR V World War II Eighth Army operations against western Mindanao
VICTOR SQUARED September 1991 plan for possible evacuation of personnel from Haiti
VICTORY Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
VIKING Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
VIPER (FOB) Forward Operating Base (FOB) of the 101st Airborne Division in Iraq secured by deep air assault on 27 February 1991 during the preparations for the decisive engagement with the Republican Guard Forces Command near Basrah during DESERT STORM
VIRGINIA XVIII Airborne Corps east-west main supply route in Iraq during DESERT STORM
VULCAN World War II (6 May 1943) final Allied offensive to clear Axis forces from Tunisia, particularly the Cape Bon area
WATCHTOWER World War II operation to capture Guadalcanal and Tulagi (a sub-task of PERSECUTION)
WEBFOOT World War II rehearsal for SHINGLE
WHITE 6th (French) Light Armored Division's final objective (the town and airfield at As Salman, Iraq) during operation DESERT STORM while under the tactical control of XVIII Airborne Corps
WINTERGEWITTER World War II (26 December 1944) German limited objective counterattack against the IV Corps
WOLF Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
WOLFHOUND Korean War (1951) attack by the 25th Infantry Division in the Suwon-Osan area
WOP World War II (17 March 1943) opening attack by II Corps against Gafsa
WRANGLER Korean War plan to follow up CUDGEL with an amphibious operation on the east coast of Korea
YOKE World War II code word for all US organizations working with Y-Force in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations
ZEBRA World War II code word for US-sponsored Chinese division in east China
ZINC Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective
ZIPPER World War II (1945) plan for assault on Malaya
Of All the threads ever on AMT, I think tos might be the most ridiculous and the biggest stretch. Just proves that people are always looking for the next thing to be outraged about...and if there isnt something, they will make one up
This is ridiculous. They could've yelled my Moms name and I wouldnt care. it was a 'codeword' used to identify something in a mission for fuck sake. I used to yell geronimo, kowabunga, yeehaw, bombs-away, and many others when I was a kid. It could also be seen as a sign of positive accomplishment.
I think some of you are confusing yelling Geronimo with naming someone Geronimo.
I didn't read your entire list, Godfather, but I didn't see any other names of cultural heros & representatives of oppressed peoples on there.
i am suprised his nickname wasn't "gravy train" considering he has been a catalyst for the military-industrial complex receiving untold billions
that’s right! Can’t we all just get together and focus on our real enemies: monogamous gays and stem cells… - Ned Flanders
It is terrifying when you are too stupid to know who is dumb
- Joe Rogan
This is ridiculous. They could've yelled my Moms name and I wouldnt care. it was a 'codeword' used to identify something in a mission for fuck sake. I used to yell geronimo, kowabunga, yeehaw, bombs-away, and many others when I was a kid. It could also be seen as a sign of positive accomplishment.
I think some of you are confusing yelling Geronimo with naming someone Geronimo.
Nope, yelling it or referencing the name is the same to me in this case. It was the mission name as well as a confirmation that the mission was completed. "Geronimo-E-KIA". Like I said, they could've called the mission my Moms name and I wouldn't care -- its just a word to identify something. I doubt they even thought about its meaning, that is why I can't agree that there was a problem....Geronimo, however, is often refereed to as a something positive like I said.
I didn't think it was a name given to anybody in this situation.
This is ridiculous. They could've yelled my Moms name and I wouldnt care. it was a 'codeword' used to identify something in a mission for fuck sake. I used to yell geronimo, kowabunga, yeehaw, bombs-away, and many others when I was a kid. It could also be seen as a sign of positive accomplishment.
I think some of you are confusing yelling Geronimo with naming someone Geronimo.
Nope, yelling it or referencing the name is the same to me in this case. It was the mission name as well as a confirmation that the mission was completed. "Geronimo-E-KIA". Like I said, they could've called the mission my Moms name and I wouldn't care -- its just a word to identify something. I doubt they even thought about its meaning, that is why I can't agree that there was a problem....Geronimo, however, is often refereed to as a something positive like I said.
I didn't think it was a name given to anybody in this situation.
I think the understanding of some people is that it was the name given to bin Laden himself. And just because these things are the same to you, doesn't mean they are the same to others. I think it would be less offensive to call him your mom's name because your mom doesn't have a history of 500 years of continuing oppression by the U.S. government, and that's why it's easy for it to be "just a word" to you. I agree that they probably didn't think about it - and that IS the problem.
I think some of you are confusing yelling Geronimo with naming someone Geronimo.
Nope, yelling it or referencing the name is the same to me in this case. It was the mission name as well as a confirmation that the mission was completed. "Geronimo-E-KIA". Like I said, they could've called the mission my Moms name and I wouldn't care -- its just a word to identify something. I doubt they even thought about its meaning, that is why I can't agree that there was a problem....Geronimo, however, is often refereed to as a something positive like I said.
I didn't think it was a name given to anybody in this situation.
I think the understanding of some people is that it was the name given to bin Laden himself. And just because these things are the same to you, doesn't mean they are the same to others. I think it would be less offensive to call him your mom's name because your mom doesn't have a history of 500 years of continuing oppression by the U.S. government, and that's why it's easy for it to be "just a word" to you. I agree that they probably didn't think about it - and that IS the problem.
I see exactly what you're saying, and I just think the context is taken way over the top. And the people that are offended by this are just perpetuating it by claiming it to be derogatory. It was not intended as a substitute for bin ladens name.
You just reinforced something in one of your previous posts though that you didnt see any other cultural heros or oppressed people on Godfathers list, so maybe Geronimo is being put in a pool of positive labels.. I see things like Courageous, eureka, gold, Herkules, etc... I'd be honored if they used my name (or my Moms )
Yeah, that might be the problem that they didnt hink about it (the name of the mission), but If the people naming this mission didnt have intentions/thoughts about it, then it is exactly what other people make of it...it can be positive, negative, or nothing.
I see exactly what you're saying, and I just think the context is taken way over the top. And the people that are offended by this are just perpetuating it by claiming it to be derogatory. It was not intended as a substitute for bin ladens name.
You just reinforced something in one of your previous posts though that you didnt see any other cultural heros or oppressed people on Godfathers list, so maybe Geronimo is being put in a pool of positive labels.. I see things like Courageous, eureka, gold, Herkules, etc... I'd be honored if they used my name (or my Moms )
Yeah, that might be the problem that they didnt hink about it (the name of the mission), but If the people naming this mission didnt have intentions/thoughts about it, then it is exactly what other people make of it...it can be positive, negative, or nothing.
Regarding it being intended as a substitute for bin Laden's name, I'm not sure that's accurate. I'm not 100% sure it's not, but I've heard it both ways.
I think the fact that no other cultural heros have been defiled in such a way actually gives even more reason for people to be upset. It's not like they can say it's common practice or something.
I see what you're saying about intention, and I used to lean moreso to that way of thinking. But, whether intended or not, they have offended an entire group of people. I think they need to apologize and learn from this mistake, not try to justify it & invalidate the perspectives of the people they offended. (I don't know that THEY are doing this, but others are sure doing it on their behalf.)
Since we're all about analogies today... imagine if I went around using "The N Word" with no malintention, and then a bunch of people said they were offended. Shouldn't I apologize & stop using it instead of just saying there's nothing wrong with the word & they shouldn't be so senstive?
Here's an interesting article about it. I think Tom Udall said it well: "It highlights a serious issue... a socially ingrained acceptance of derogatory portrayals of indigenous peoples."
And imagine being the grandson of Geronimo & this is specifically named for your grandfather?
Since we're all about analogies today... imagine if I went around using "The N Word" with no malintention, and then a bunch of people said they were offended. Shouldn't I apologize & stop using it instead of just saying there's nothing wrong with the word & they shouldn't be so senstive?
haha, yeah -- it is bad analogy day!
Cant compare these two... Geronimo in itself is a mans name. The "N-word" is just derogatory from the get-go!
From the article you posted: "Today the name is not only used as a motivational yell or as code in military missions, but also as an insignia for an Army brigade. The 1st Battalion Airborne, 501st Infantry Regiment, wears the insignia of the Native-American leader on its sleeves -- literally."
Then we've got to apologize for the Apache helicopter, the Cleveland indians, anytime I give something to someone and take it back...and on and on... (the last was a joke, reference to Seinfeld )
I don't know, I guess we just have different opinions of this, so no need to keep going. I just recall the first time I heard that they codenamed it Geronimo, I thought it to be a positive reference.
brianlux
Moving through All Kinds of Terrain. Posts: 40,766
I agree that political correctness can go too far sometimes and that it is even appropriate to poke fun at it sometimes (for example, George Carlin was often good at doing this). But American Indians are a colonized people and we live in a colonial state. I believe many people are still unaware of this- at least most of us whites. The use of American Indian names is just one of many examples of the ongoing state of colonization in America. This egregious wrong doing is still mostly misunderstood, unrecognized, and/or unacknowledged.
“The fear of death follows from the fear of life. A man [or woman] who lives fully is prepared to die at any time.”
Interesting debate, but my main point was that the spiritual beliefs of Geronimo and his tribe lack the major flaws of the fundamentalist Muslim or Christian point of view (and that fundamentalism probably can never be seperated from these two religions... it's just a matter of degree). This fundamentalism... this sense of 'our beliefs are superior to yours, and we don't value your life because of your beliefs', it ties into how Geronimo could be used as a code name for Osama bin Laden... I don't know who came up with that code name, but the fact it was approved and used says something about our military leaders. I was in no way trying to slight the Navy Seals who obviously conducted a brave and efficient operation and took out one of the greatest terrorist murderers of the modern age. But we can't hide from the fact that racism is still prevelent in our society. Using this code name shows that the leaders of this operation (incl Obama?) have learned nothing since the 1800's. It's also perhaps an admission that because Geronimo opposed the imperial mission of the US Army in those days, they saw OBL as another fugitive threat to the imperial missions of today. I don't equate the two men though. OBL was obviously no hero. He was like Hitler or Tojo... in favor of his imperialism over ours.
So now we have U.S. Senators condemning the use of this code name. Good for them, but it seems like it's only Senators from states with large Native American populations that are speaking out. In the year 2011, it should be every single member of Congress speaking out against this type of injustice. It shoud have been that way in 1776 too, but you know...
I agree that political correctness can go too far sometimes and that it is even appropriate to poke fun at it sometimes (for example, George Carlin was often good at doing this). But American Indians are a colonized people and we live in a colonial state. I believe many people are still unaware of this- at least most of us whites. The use of American Indian names is just one of many examples of the ongoing state of colonization in America. This egregious wrong doing is still mostly misunderstood, unrecognized, and/or unacknowledged.
Yeah, George Carlin was the man!
And I don't care about people yelling "Geronimo!!" when they jump in a pool or out of an airplane. I don't even know why that's done, but it's in no way similar to using his name as a code name for Osama bin Laden...WTF?!
Since we're all about analogies today... imagine if I went around using "The N Word" with no malintention, and then a bunch of people said they were offended. Shouldn't I apologize & stop using it instead of just saying there's nothing wrong with the word & they shouldn't be so senstive?
haha, yeah -- it is bad analogy day!
Cant compare these two... Geronimo in itself is a mans name. The "N-word" is just derogatory from the get-go!
From the article you posted: "Today the name is not only used as a motivational yell or as code in military missions, but also as an insignia for an Army brigade. The 1st Battalion Airborne, 501st Infantry Regiment, wears the insignia of the Native-American leader on its sleeves -- literally."
Then we've got to apologize for the Apache helicopter, the Cleveland indians, anytime I give something to someone and take it back...and on and on... (the last was a joke, reference to Seinfeld )
I don't know, I guess we just have different opinions of this, so no need to keep going. I just recall the first time I heard that they codenamed it Geronimo, I thought it to be a positive reference.
Oh you're a regular comedian, aren't you? I think you get my point, which was about intention vs. effect when it comes to being offended. And, yes, we should apologize for the Cleveland Indians.
I agree that political correctness can go too far sometimes and that it is even appropriate to poke fun at it sometimes (for example, George Carlin was often good at doing this). But American Indians are a colonized people and we live in a colonial state. I believe many people are still unaware of this- at least most of us whites. The use of American Indian names is just one of many examples of the ongoing state of colonization in America. This egregious wrong doing is still mostly misunderstood, unrecognized, and/or unacknowledged.
That's EXACTLY what I'm talking about! Thanks for explaining it better. :thumbup:
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mickeyrat
up my ass, like Chadwick was up his Posts: 35,920
Ok, after some thought , maybe they should have called this what the intent was , " Operation Body Bag" in the intended event of his death. Or "Operation Hood and Cuffs" in the unlikely event of his capture.
Not today Sir, Probably not tomorrow.............................................. bayfront arena st. pete '94
you're finally here and I'm a mess................................................... nationwide arena columbus '10
memories like fingerprints are slowly raising.................................... first niagara center buffalo '13
another man ..... moved by sleight of hand...................................... joe louis arena detroit '14
Not today Sir, Probably not tomorrow.............................................. bayfront arena st. pete '94
you're finally here and I'm a mess................................................... nationwide arena columbus '10
memories like fingerprints are slowly raising.................................... first niagara center buffalo '13
another man ..... moved by sleight of hand...................................... joe louis arena detroit '14
What about the Dallas Cowboys. You think the cowboys are offended.
If people keep crying wolf on things that do not really matter, soon no one is going to care, because everyone is offended at some time or another. Where is the tolerance you constantly preach
“We the people are the rightful masters of bothCongress and the courts, not to overthrow the Constitution but to overthrow the men who pervert the Constitution.” Abraham Lincoln
the early settlers(thieves) feared the natives
and wanted their land
so they exterminated most of them
a hundred plus years later
they learn more about the natives simple yet genius way of life
so americans "honor" them by naming sport teams after them
i think mostly, it was done with true respect
and in some instances, it was not (see fsu seminoles early days)
to say the chicago blackhawks is demeaning sounds silly to me
but maybe it does offend some
intent is not always everything
if the us did mean to paint geronimo in a negative light
that would be wrong
and if they did not
they are still guilty for associating good with evil
those who say "it's just a name" understand that names can demean entire races of people
they just do not care
there is a 10club member with a racist username
for about 5 years
and i've seen only 1 other person have an issue with this
i've asked 10club, kat, and sea why this is allowed
and have not recieved an answer
which is strange cause if 1 member calls another member a name
they lock that thread up with swift authority
but they allow a username to insult an entire race of people
so most people here either do not care or harbor much hate for other people
who "look" different from themselves
and that's just the way of the world
sad
The whole world will be different soon... - EV
RED ROCKS 6-19-95
AUGUSTA 9-26-96
MANSFIELD 9-15-98
BOSTON 9-29-04
BOSTON 5-25-06
MANSFIELD 6-30-08
EV SOLO BOSTON 8-01-08
BOSTON 5-17-10
EV SOLO BOSTON 6-16-11
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PJ20 9-4-11
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WORCESTER 10-15-13
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brianlux
Moving through All Kinds of Terrain. Posts: 40,766
What about the Dallas Cowboys. You think the cowboys are offended.
If people keep crying wolf on things that do not really matter, soon no one is going to care, because everyone is offended at some time or another. Where is the tolerance you constantly preach
Yes, if cowboys generally felt offended by the name, it should be changed. They haven't, so it hasn't. But American Indians have frequently protested the use of their names for things non-native and we should honor their request. That's just simple respect. We commited genocide on them and now won't even give them simple decent respect. Pathetic.
“The fear of death follows from the fear of life. A man [or woman] who lives fully is prepared to die at any time.”
What about the Dallas Cowboys. You think the cowboys are offended.
If people keep crying wolf on things that do not really matter, soon no one is going to care, because everyone is offended at some time or another. Where is the tolerance you constantly preach
:? Uh... "cowboy" is an occupation, not a race of oppressed & disrespected peoples. And I'm sure you think you're being very clever with the whole cowboys & Indians thing, but all the cowboys I know ARE Indians, so I think your comment is just ignorant all around. And I have never preached that we should tolerate the disrespect of others. :?
Same with the name, Operation Geronimo. The imperial mentality is so profound, throughout western society, that no one can perceive that they are glorifying bin Laden by identifying him with courageous resistance against genocidal invaders. It’s like naming our murder weapons after victims of our crimes: Apache, Tomahawk… It’s as if the Luftwaffe were to call its fighter planes “Jew” and “Gypsy.”
Comments
Godfather.
INDEX OF OPERATIONAL AND CODE NAMES
ABDA World War II acronym for the 1942 cooperative American-British-Dutch-Australian defense of the Pacific and Indian Ocean theater
ABERDEEN World War II code name for Chindit stronghold near Manhton, Burma
ABILENE Gulf War VII Corps phase line
ABLE SENTRY United States European Command operations in Macedonia (Former Republic of Yugoslavia)
ACCOLADE World War II seizure of the Dodecanese
ACHSE World War II German plan to take control of Italy
ALAMO World War II code name for the task force (built around Headquarters, Sixth Army) operating directly under General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area for operations in New Guinea
ALARICH World War II German plan for the occupation of northern Italy by Army Group B (Rommel) if Italy collapsed politically
ALPHA World War II plan to defend Kunming and Chungking
ALSOS World War II code name for the Allied special intelligence forces' mission to collect information about German nuclear fission developments
ANAKIM World War II plan to recapture Burma
ANTON World War II (10-11 November 1942) German occupation of southern France (areas previously unoccupied and under the jurisdiction of the Vichy government)
ANVIL World War II plan for the invasion of southern France--see later DRAGOON
ANVIL Gulf War code name for a VII Corps objective
APPLE Gulf War VII Corps phase line
APRICOT Gulf War phase line for 1st Armored Division movement from Tactical Assembly Area THOMPSON to Forward Assembly Area GARCIA
ARCADIA World War II code name for the Washington Conference December 1941-January 1942
ARGONAUT World War II code name for the Malta and Yalta Conference January-February 1945
ARGUMENT World War II plan for USSTAF air operations against German aircraft factories, February 1944.
ATTLEBORO Vietnam large-scale offensive operation in III Corps Tactical Zone in the fall of 1966
AUDACIOUS Korean War (12 April 1951) Eighth Army plan for an orderly withdrawal
AUSLADUNG World War II German secondary attack designed to extend the Tunis bridgehead in the north as part of Operation OCHSENKOPF
AVALANCHE World War II (9 September 1943) invasion of Italy at Salerno
AXE Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
AXIOM World War II code name for the mission sent to London in February 1944 to urge CULVERIN
BACKHANDER World War II code name for the task force to conduct operations on Cape Gloucester on the island of New Britain
BANANA Gulf War phase line for 1st Armored Division movement from Tactical Assembly Area THOMPSON to Forward Assembly Area GARCIA
BARBAROSSA World War II (1941) German offensive against the USSR
BARCLAY World War II plan to induce the Axis to give priority to maintaining and reinforcing its forces in southern France and the Balkans
BARRACUDA World War II plan (cancelled) for an airborne and amphibious assault on Naples
BAYTOWN World War II (3 September 1943) British invasion of Italy at Reggio di Calabria mounted from Sicily
BERLIN Gulf War VII Corps phase line
BETA World War II plan to open a port on the coast of China
BIG STICK Korean War plan to destroy the Communist supply complex based on Sibyon-ni, to advance the Eighth Army left flank to the Yesong River, and to regain Kaesong
BIG SWITCH Korean War
BLACK Pre-World War II plan to occupy Dakar
BLACKCOCK World War II British 12 Corps operation to clear the German salient between the Meuse and Roer-Wurm Rivers from Roermond southward
BLACKJACK Series of special operations in Vietnam
BLACKJACK 33 Vietnam special operation 27 April-24 May 1967 in III Corps Tactical Zone in conjunction with Project SIGMA (Detachment B-56)
BLACKJACK 41 Vietnam special operation in the Seven Mountains region in the spring of 1967
BLACKPOOL World War II code name for Chindit roadblock on the railroad near Namkwin, Burma
BLADE JEWEL United States Southern Command 1989 evacuation of dependents from Panama
BLOCKBUSTER World War II plan for Canadian II Corps offensive in the Calcar-Udem-Xanten area
BLUE SPOON United States Southern Command complex of operational plans 1988-1989 covering various contingencies in Panama
BLUEHEARTS Korean War draft plan for amphibious landing; abandoned 10 July 1950 and replaced by CHROMITE
BOLERO World War II (1942) plan for offensive operations against Germany on the European mainland and for the build-up of US forces and supplies in the United Kingdom for the cross-Channel attack
BONN Gulf War VII Corps objective (1st Armored Division)
BOSTON World War II Southwest Pacific Area of Operations plan to occupy and construct an airfield in the Abau-Mullins Harbor region of New Guinea
BRAGG Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
BRASS Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective
BRASSARD World War II plan for operations against the island of Elba
BREASTPLATE World War II plan (cancelled) for a seaborne attack from Malta against Sousse
BREWER World War II plan for operations in the Admiralty Islands
BRIMSTONE World War II plan (canceled) for the capture of Sardinia
BROADWAY World War II code name for a drop site about fifty miles northwest of Indaw, Burma, used to resupply the Chindits
BROWN Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps objective
BUCCANEER World War II plan (cancelled) for the amphibious capture of the Andaman Islands
BUCKSHOT 16 Korean War operation by the Republic of Korea 11th Division, Republic of Korea I Corps, to take North Korean prisoners
BUFFALO World War II operation to break out of the Anzio beachhead
BUMP Gulf War Forward Assembly Area used by Aviation Brigade, 1st Armored Division
BUTTRESS World War II British operation (cancelled) against the toe of the Italian peninsula involving landings at Goija staged from North Africa
BYPRODUCT World War II code name for Trobriand Islands (not an actual operation)
CACTUS World War II operation to capture Guadalcanal (a sub-task of WATCHTOWER)
CAMEL World War II code name for the task force for the invasion of southern France built around the 36th Infantry Division
CAPITAL World War II plan for the attack across the Chindwin River to Mandalay
CAPRI World War II plan for an attack against Médenine
CARBONADO World War II plan to open a port on the coast of China (revised BETA)
CARPETBAGGER World War II operation to airdrop supplies from the United Kingdom to patriot forces in western Europe
CARTWHEEL World War II operations to capture the Solomon Islands, New Britain, and New Ireland involving convergent operations from the South Pacific and Southwest Pacific Areas of Operations targeted against Rabaul
CASANOVA World War II diversionary operation by the 95th Infantry Division during operations against Metz
CATCHPOLE World War II plan for operations against the Eniwetok and Ujelang Atolls in the Marshall Islands
CAUSEWAY World War II operation plan (August 1944) to capture Formosa which was not executed
CENT World War II code name for the beaches at Scoglitti, Sicily
CHAMPION World War II plan (late 1943) for a general offensive in Burma
CHAMPION MAIN Code name for the Headquarters of the 82d Airborne Division in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia during DESERT SHIELD
CHARGER Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
CHATTANOOGA CHOO CHOO World War II AEAF operations against German train movements in France and Germany
CHERRY Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
CHESTNUT World War II code name for four airborne missions sent by Montgomery in an effort to reinforce his army in Sicily with airborne troops
CHOPSTICK 6 Korean War plan for the envelopment of the high ground south of P'yong-gang by a reinforced Republic of Korea division
CHOPSTICK 16 Korean War plan for a two-division attack to drive the Communists from the area east and south of the Nam River
CHROMITE Korean War (September 1950) landing at Inch'on
CHRONICLE World War II operation to capture Woodlark Island and Kiriwina
CITADEL Ground convoy task force of the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, that opened a main supply route to Forward Operating Base COBRA on 24 February 1991 during DESERT STORM
CLAM-UP Korean War operation to delude the Communists by imposing silence along the front lines 10-15 February 1952
CLEANSLATE World War II operation to occupy the Russell Islands
CLIPPER World War II British 30 Corps offensive to reduce the Geilenkirchen salient
COBALT Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective
COBRA World War II plan for the First Army's operation designed to penetrate the German defenses west of St. Lô and secure Coutances, France
COBRA (FOB) Forward Operating Base (FOB) of the 101st Airborne Division in Iraq secured by deep air assault on 24 February 1991 during DESERT STORM
COLLINS Gulf War code name for a VII Corps objective
COLORADO Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
COMMANDO Korean War plan for an offensive to establish the JAMESTOWN line
CONTINUE HOPE United States Central Command operations in Somalia May-December 1993 in support of UNOSOM II
COPPER Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective consisting of COPPER SOUTH (4th Armoured Brigade) and COPPER NORTH (7th Armoured Brigade)
CORKSCREW World War II (June 1943) conquest of the island of Pantelleria
CORONET World War II operation (not executed) to invade the island of Honshu at the Tokyo plain
COTTAGE World War II (1943) recapture of Kiska
COUNTER Korean War plan for the 45th Infantry Division (I Corps) to capture strategic outpost sites
COUGAR Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
COURAGEOUS Korean War (1951) operation for the advance to the Imjin River as a follow-on to RIPPER
CRICKET World War II code name for the Malta portion of the ARGONAUT Conference
CROSSBOW World War II operations by the Royal Air Force against German V-weapon experimental bases
CROSSROADS 1946 nuclear weapon test on Bikini Atoll
CROSSWORD World War II code name for a covert operation intended to lead to the surrender of Germany (2 May 1944)
CRUSH Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
CUDGEL World War II plan (cancelled) for small-scale operations on the Arakan coast of Burma
CUDGEL Korean War plan for an advance from the WYOMING line in the I and IX Corps sectors
CULVERIN World War II plan for the assault on Sumatra
CYCLONE World War II operation to capture Noemfoor (1944)
DAGUET French name for their participation in the Gulf War
DAUNTLESS Korean War (1951) plan for a limited advance by I and IX Corps against the Iron Triangle
DELTA World War II code name for the task force for the invasion of southern France built around the 45th Infantry Division
DENVER Gulf War code name for a VII Corps objective
DENY FLIGHT North Atlantic Treaty Organization operations over Bosnia-Herzegovina to enforce United Nations Security Council Resolution 816 (initiated 13 April 1993)
DESERT CALM Gulf War
DESERT FAREWELL Gulf War redeployment
DESERT SABRE Gulf War
DESERT SHIELD United States Central Command deployment in defense of Saudi Arabia, 7 August 1990-16 January 1991
DESERT STORM United States Central Command offensive operations against Iraq, 17 January-28 February 1991 (the "Gulf War")
DESERT SWORD Gulf War code name used in early phases of planning for offensive operations
DEXTERITY World War II operations in western New Britain and Saidor
DIADEM World War II (11 May 1944) Allied offensive in Italy
DIBDBAH CHARGE Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division exercise to cover its displacement into final tactical assembly area
DIME World War II code name for the beaches at Gela, Sicily
DIRECTOR World War II code name for the task force for the invasion of Arawe in New Britain
DIXIE World War II code name for the US observer mission to the Chines communists
DODGE United States Central Command main supply route during the Gulf War; the Trans-Arabian Pipeline (TAPLINE) Road and the connecting portion of the coastal highway in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province extending north from Dhahran-Dammam
DOVETAIL World War II rehearsal in Fiji of the operation to capture Guadalcanal and a lodgement in the southern Solomon Islands (a sub-task of PESTILENCE)
DRACULA World War II (1944) plan for an attack on Rangoon
DRAGOON World War II final plan for the invasion of southern France (15 August 1944); code name was changed from ANVIL on 27 July 1944)
DRAGOON Gulf War 1st Infantry Division attack position (where 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry, assembled to conduct passage through the breach of border defenses)
DRYGOODS World War II logistical operation to mass supplies at Guadalcanal in February 1943
DULUTH Korean War line of defense to be established by Operation SUNDIAL
EAGLE Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
EASTERN EXIT United States Central Command evacuation of the United States Embassy in Mogadishu, Somalia, 2-11 January 1991, employing elements of the 4th Marine Expeditionary Brigade [4th MEB]
ECLIPSE World War II name given to Operation TALISMAN after a presumed compromise of security
EILBOTE World War II (January 1943) for a German operation to capture the Kebir River dam and to drive the French off the Eastern Dorsal in Tunisia
ELDORADO CANYON United States European Command 1986 air strike on Libya
ELKTON GEN Douglas MacArthur's World War II plan (not executed) for the capture of Rabaul
ENCORE World War II (February 1945) IV Corps limited objective operation against Mounte Belvedere
END RUN World War II code name for the task force built around the survivors of Task Force GALAHAD used for the drive on Myitkyina, Burma
ENIGMA World War II--see ULTRA
EUREKA World War II code name for the Tehran Conference, November 1943
EVERREADY Korean War plan covering eventualities of Republic of Korea domestic disturbances and disengaging United Nations Command forces
FATIMA World War II code name for the Mason-MacFarlane Mission
FELIX World War II plan to capture Gibraltar and close the straits of Gibraltar
FIERY VIGIL United States Pacific Command operations 16-26 June 1991 in the Philippine Islands to evacuate personnel after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo
FIREBRAND World War II (1943) invasion of Corsica
FIVESOME World War II codeword to cover the multi-national agreement for the coordination of operations in the Southwest Pacific
FLASHPOINT World War II (March 1945) Ninth Army assault crossing of the Rhine as part of Operation PLUNDER
FLAX World War II air operations to disrupt the flow of German air transports from Italy to Sicily and Tunisia
FLINTLOCK World War II operation to capture the Marshall Islands
FORAGER World War II operation to capture the Mariana Islands
FOURTH TERM World War II (February 1945) IV Corps limited objective operation in the Serchio Valley
FOX Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
FRANTIC World War II Air Force shuttle bombing of Axis-controlled Europe from bases in the United Kingdom, Italy, and the USSR
FRICTION Canadian code name for its naval contribution to Operation SCIMITAR (Gulf War)
FRUEHLINGSWIND World War II (February 1943) German Fifth Panzer Army attack against Sidi Bou Zid
FRY World War II operation to occupy four islands in Lake Comacchio, Italy
GALAHAD World War II code name for American long-range penetration groups in Burma
GALVANIC World War II operation to capture the Gilbert Islands and Makin
GANGWAY World War II plan (cancelled) for the unopposed landing at Naples
GARCIA Gulf War Forward Assembly Area for 1st Armored Division
GARDEN World War II--see MARKET
GEORGIA 24th Infantry Division north-south main supply route in Iraq during DESERT STORM
GHOST ZONE United States Southern Command counter-drug operations in Bolivia
GIANT I World War II plan (canceled) for an air landing and airborne drop along the Volturno River
GIANT II World War II plan (canceled) for an airborne drop near Rome
GOBLET World War II plan (canceled) for the invasion of Italy at Cotrone
GOLD World War II code name for the assault beach at Normandy assigned to British 30 Corps
GOLD Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps objective (Tallil Air Base)
GOLDEN PHEASANT United States Army Forces Command deployment of forces to Honduras, 1987
GOLDFLAKE World War II code name for the movement of Canadian I Corps from Italy to the European Theater of Operations
GRANBY British name for their participation in the Gulf War
GRANITE World War II tentative plan (13 January 1944) by ADM Chester Nimitz for the capture of the Marshall Islands and other 1944 offensive operations
GRAPE Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
GRAY Pre-World War II contingency plan to occupy the Azores
GREEN SWEEP United States Southern Command counter-drug operation in Bolivia
GRENADE World War II (February 1945) assault crossing of the Roer River by Ninth Army followed by a drive northeast to link with the First Canadian Army along the Rhine River; World War II large-scale offensive by 21 Army Group from the Roer to the Rhine
GREY Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps objective
GYMNAST World War II (1941) plan for the Allied invasion of French northwest Africa
HAMMER Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
HARDIHOOD World War II code name for Allied aid to Turkey in an effort to induce that nation to enter the war
HAWKEYE XVIII Airborne Corps disaster relief operations in St. Croix, 1989
HERBSTNEBEL World War II German operational plan for a withdrawal in Italy beyond the Po River
HERKULES World War II (1942) German plan (cancelled) to invade Malta
HIGHBOY Korean War I Corps artillery operation to bring direct fire on enemy positions and bunkers not accessible to other artillery and mortar fire
HOME COMING Korean War plan for limited operation offered as a substitute for BIG STICK
HUDDLE World War II operation to occupy Ndeni (a sub-task of PESTILENCE)
HURRICANE World War II operation to capture Biak (1944)
HUSKY World War II (July 1943) operation to invade Sicily
ICEBURG World War II operation to capture Okinawa (1945)
ICHIGO World War II Japanese operation to capture US air bases in east China
INDEPENDENCE World War II French offensive towards Belfort, France
INDIGO Pre-World War II contingency plan for the reinforcement of Iceland
INTERLUDE World War II code name for the rehearsal for the capture of Morotai
IOWA Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
ITALY Gulf War VII Corps phase line
JAMESTOWN Korean War defensive line to be established by Operation COMMANDO
JET Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
JOSS World War II code name for the beaches in the Licata area
JUNO World War II code name for the Normandy assault beach assigned to the Canadian 3rd Division
JUST CAUSE United States Southern Command invasion of Panama, 20 December 1989-January 1990
KANSAS-WYOMING Korean War defensive lines in the vicinity of the 38th Parallel
KAPUT World War II (April 1945) Ninth Army assignment of defeating an incursion into the zone of the XIII Corps and of clearing a sector along the Elbe River
KEYSTONE Plan for withdrawal of US forces from Vietnam beginning in 1969. Phases of the withdrawal were further identified with a series of names of birds: KEYSTONE EAGLE; KEYSTONE CARDINAL; KEYSTONE BLUEJAY; KEYSTONE ROBIN.
KILLER Korean War (1951) IX Corps offensive to the Som River
KING TWO World War II operation to capture Leyte and the southern Philippines (1944)
KNIFE Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
KONSTANTIN World War II German reinforcement of the Balkans and Greece
KOPENHAGEN World War II German plan for the seizure of the Mount Cenis Pass as part of Operation Plan ACHSE
LARRY Gulf War Forward Assembly Area used by Aviation Brigade, 1st Armored Division
LEATHERBACK World War II cover name for Woodlark Island (not an operation name)
LEHRGANG World War II (11-17 August 1943) evacuation of German troops from Sicily to the Italian mainland
LEVER World War II operation in Italy to clear the area between Reno and the southwest shore of Lake Comacchio
LEYTE VICTORY Gulf War code name used by 24th Infantry Division during early planning for offensive options
LIBERTY Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
LILLIPUT World War II operation to defend Buna (1942)
LIME Gulf War VII Corps phase line
LITTLE SWITCH Korean War operation for the repatriation of sick and wounded prisoners of war
LONDON World War II phase line for XVIII Airborne Corps near Wesel, Germany
LUMBERJACK World War II (February-March 1945) converging offensive by First and Third Armies to create a pocket of trapped Germans in the Eifel
MAGIC World War II signals intelligence derived from interception of Japanese encoded message traffic
MAGNET World War II movement of the first US forces into Northern Ireland
MAGNETO World War II code name for the Yalta portion of the Argonaut Conference
MAILFIST World War II (1945) recapture of Singapore
MAINYARD World War II code name for the island of Guadalcanal (not an operation name)
MALLORY MAJOR World War II air offensive against the bridges over the Po River
MANNA World War II British occupation of southern Greece
MARKET World War II airborne operation in September 1944 Holland designed to facility ground force crossing of lower Rhine River (also see GARDEN)
MARS World War II code name for the US task force in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations that was the 5332d Brigade (Provisional)
MELLON Gulf War VII Corps phase line
MICHAELMAS World War II code name for the task force for the seizure of Saidor on New Guinea
MIKE ONE World War II plan for the invasion of Lingayen Gulf
MIKE TWO World War II plan for the invasion of Dingalan Bay
MIKE THREE World War II plan for the invasion of Vigan
MIKE FOUR World War II plan for the invasion of Nasugbu and Balayan Bays
MIKE SIX World War II plan for the invasion of Batangas and Tayabas Bays
MIKE SEVEN World War II plan for the invasion of the Zambales coast
MINCEMEAT World War II cover plan to divert attention from Operation HUSKY to induce the Axis to believe that Allied objectives were Sardinia and the Peloponnesus instead of Sicily
MINERVA World War II code name for the 6 November 1942 embarkation of General Henri Giraud from southern France
MINNESOTA Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
MONACO Gulf War VII Corps phase line
MONTCLAIR World War II; final name given to PRINCETON
MORGENLUFT World War II (February 1943) German attack by the Afrika Korps against Gafsa after Operation FRUEHLINGSWIND
MUSKET World War II plan for a projected landing in 1943 on the heel of the Italian peninsula near Taranto
MUSKETEER World War II basic plan for operation to liberate the Philippine Islands
MUSTANG World War II plan (canceled) for an overland seizure of Naples after initial landings in Calabria
NEPTUNE World War II plan for the actual 1944 operations within OVERLORD; used for security reasons after September 1943 on all OVERLORD planning papers that referred to the target area and date
NEW GALAHAD World War II code name for American long-range penetration groups in Burma
NEW JERSEY Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
NEW YORK World War II XVIII Airborne Corps phase line in the Ringenberk-Krudenberg area in Germany
NEWMARKET Code name for the 101st Airborne Division's main supply route to Forward Operating Base COBRA during DESERT STORM
NIMROD DANCER United States Southern Command build-up of rotational forces in Panama, summer of 1989
NORDWIND World War II German January 1945 offensive against the Seventh Army in Alsace (launched 31 December 1944)
NUNTON World War II (March 1944) Allied cover and deception plan
OCHSENKOPF World War II (26 February 1943) German operation to extend the Tunis bridgehead by capturing Bédja and Medjez el Bab
OCTAGON World War II code name for the Quebec Conference, September 1944
OLIVE World War II (September 1944) attack on the Gothic Line in Italy
OLIVENERNTE World War II (January 1943) German plan (cancelled) to capture Medjez el Bab
OLYMPIC World War II plan (not executed) for the March 1946 invasion of the island of Kyushu
OMAHA World War II code name for the assault beach at Normandy assigned to V Corps
OMAHA Gulf War VII Corps phase line
ORANGE Pre-World War II plan within the RAINBOW matrix for unilateral conflict between the United States and Japan; ORANGE 1 was approved in 1938, ORANGE 3 in April 1941
ORANGE Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps objective (Jalibah Air Base)
OVERLORD World War II (6 June 1944) Allied cross-Channel invasion of northwest Europe
OVERWHELMING Korean War (1951) plan for an offensive by Eighth Army to the P'yonggang-Wonsan line (cancelled)
PANTHER World War II British 10 Corps drive across the Garigliano River in Italy
PARASOL-SWITCHBACK Vietnam 1963 program supplying founds for use with the Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) program
PARIS World War II XVIII Airborne Corps phase line west of Erle, Germany
PATRIOT DEFENDER Name applied to United States European Command deployment of Patriot missiles to Israel in 1991 during Gulf War
PEAR Gulf War VII Corps phase line
PERPETUAL World War II (11 November 1942) Eastern Task Force reserve's landing at Bougie
PERSECUTION World War II operation to capture Aitape (1944)
PESTILENCE COMSOPAC OPLAN 1-42, 16 July 1942, World War II plan for "Task One" to launch the initial offensive operation in Guadalcanal and the southern Solomon Islands
PICADILLY World War II code name for a drop site for the Chindits in Burma
PIGSTICK World War II limited operation (cancelled) on the south Mayu Peninsula
PILEDRIVER Korean War (1951) counterattack operation
PINK Korean War (December 1950) emergency shipment of logistical support from the Continental United States to build up the Far East Command
PLATINUM Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective
PLUM Gulf War phase line for 1st Armored Division movement from Tactical Assembly Area THOMPSON to Forward Assembly Area GARCIA
PLUNDER World War II (March 1945) 21 Army Group assault across the Rhine north of the Ruhr
POINTBLANK World War II combined bomber offensive against Germany from bases in the United Kingdom
POLECHARGE Korean War plan for the capture of hill objectives on the JAMESTOWN line during Operation COMMANDO
POPLAR TREE United States Southern Command 1989 plan (not executed) for possible evacuation of personnel from El Salvador
POSTERN World War II operation to capture Lae-Finschhofen-Madang
POWERPACK United States Atlantic Command operation 1965-1966 in the Dominican Republic
PRINCETON World War II plan establishing the basic outline for the reoccupation of the Visayas-Mindanao-Borneo-Netherlands East Indies area (later renamed MUSKETEER)
PRODUCTIVE EFFORT Original name for SEA ANGEL
PROMOTE LIBERTY United States Southern Command stability operation conducted in Panama in 1990 after the conclusion of JUST CAUSE
PROVEN FORCE United States European Command joint task force operation from Turkey as part of the Gulf War
PROVIDE COMFORT United States European Command operations (two) conducted in Turkey in support of Kurdish refugees from northern Iraq
PROVIDE HOPE United States European Command humanitarian relief operation in 1992 in the former Soviet Union
PROVIDE PROMISE United States European Command humanitarian relief operation 1991-1993 in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia
PROVIDE REFUGE United States Pacific Command humanitarian relief operation in 1993 at Kwajalein Atoll
PROVIDE RELIEF United States Central Command humanitarian relief operation in 1992 staged by a joint task force operating from base in Kenya
PROVIDE TRANSITION United States Air Force operation in 1992 in Angola
PROVIDENCE World War II plan (canceled) for the occupation of the Buna area of New Guinea
PUGILIST-GALLOP World War II (1943) attack to outflank the Mareth Line in Tunisia
PURPLE Gulf War code name for an VII Corps objective
PURPLE STORM United States Southern Command exercises in Panama in 1989 to both assert United States treaty rights and to conduct tactical rehearsals for JUST CAUSE
PYTHON Gulf War attack position near Al Busayyah used by Aviation Brigade, 1st Armored Division
QUADRANT World War II code name for the Quebec Conference (August 1943)
QUEEN World War II 12th Army Group operation on the Roer plain between the Wurm and the Roer Rivers
QUICK LIFT 1991 evacuation of personnel in Zaire
RAINBOW Term used to apply to the collection of war plans developed prior to World War II (each of which was named with a color); RAINBOW 5 was published in October 1941
RAINCOAT World War II assault on the Camino hill mass in Italy
RALEIGH Gulf War code name for a VII Corps objective
RAM Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
RASHNESS World War II revised CORONADO plan
RAVENOUS World War II plan by 4 Corps for the recapture of northern Burma
RAZOR Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
RECKLESS World War II operation to capture Hollandia (1944)
RED Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps objective
RENO GEN Douglas MacArthur's World War II plan for an advance along the northern coast of New Guinea to Mindanao
RESERVIST World War II code name for the seizure of vital points at Oran and the landing of Allied forces to prevent sabotage in the harbor
RESTORE HOPE United States Central Command humanitarian relief operation in Somalia, December 1992-May 1993
RETRIBUTION World War II (April-June 1943) plan to prevent Axis forces from reaching Italian territory if they should attempt to evacuate Tunisia
RINGBOLT World War II operation to capture Tulagi (a sub-task of WATCHTOWER)
RIPPER Korean War (1951) offensive against Ch'unch'on
RIPPER Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
RO World War II Japanese air operation to augment the air forces at Rabaul and delay Allied offensives
ROAST World War II operation to clear Comacchio Spit, Italy
ROCHAMBEAU 6th (French) Light Armored Division's intermediate objective during operation DESERT STORM while under the tactical control of XVIII Airborne Corps
ROGER World War II capture of Phuket Island of the Kra Isthmus in Burma
ROMEO World War II code name for the French commando force that landed at Cap Nègre
ROMULUS World War II Arakan part of CAPITAL
ROOSTER World War II operation to fly the Chinese 22d Division to Chihchiang
ROSE World War II operation (April 1945) in the Ruhr pocket
ROSIE World War II code name for the French naval force that landed southwest of Cannes during DRAGOON
ROUNDHAMMER World War II plan for a cross-Channel operation intermediate in size between SLEDGEHAMMER and ROUNDUP
ROUNDUP World War II (1943) plan for the cross-Channel operation
ROUNDUP Korean War (1951) X Corps advance on Hongch'on-P'yonch'ang
RUGBY World War II code name for the airborne forces dropping behind the beaches during the invasion of Southern France
RUGGED Korean War (1951) advance to the Imjin River
SABER Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
SALAMANDER French code name for air component of Operation DAGUET (Gulf War)
SAND FLEA United States Southern Command exercises in Panama in 1989 to both assert United States treaty rights and to conduct tactical rehearsals for JUST CAUSE
SATIN World War II (December 1942) plan (canceled) for II Corps to attack Sfaz, Tunisia
SATURATE Korean War plan for the interdiction bombing of North Korean railroads
SAUCY World War II limited offensive to reopen a land supply route from Burma to China
SCATTER Korean War screening plan for the repatriation of prisoners of war
SCIMITAR Canadian code name for its participation in the Gulf War
SCIPIO World War II (6 April 1942) attack by the Eighth Army at Akarit wadi
SEA ANGEL United States Pacific Command disaster relief operation in 1991 in Bangladesh
SEA ANGEL II United States Pacific Command disaster relief operation in 1992 in Bangladesh
SEELOEWE World War II (1940-1941) German plan (canceled) for the invasion of the United Kingdom [SEA LION]
SEXTANT World War II code name for the Cairo Conferences (22-26 November and 3-7 December 1943)
SHARP EDGE United States Marine Corps-let noncombatant evacuation operation 5-21 August 1990 in Liberia
SHINGLE World War II (22 January 1944) amphibious operation at Anzio
SHO World War II Japanese plan for a counterattack against US forces in the western Pacific
SHOWDOWN Korean War plan designed to improve IX Corps defensive line positions north of Kumhwa
SIEGFRIED World War II German plan for the occupation of the southern coast of France as part of Operation ACHSE
SITKA World War II code name for the task force that captured the islands of Levant and Port Cros in the Mediterranean
SLAPSTICK World War II (9 September 1943) British airborne landing at Taranto, Italy, mounted from Bizerte, Tunisia
SLEDGEHAMMER World War II (1942) plan for a limited cross-Channel attack
SMACK Korean War plan for a combined air-tank-infantry-artillery test strike
SMASH Gulf War code name for a phase line applying to both XVIII Airborne Corps and VII Corps
SOUTHERN STORM Gulf War code name used by 24th Infantry Division in preliminary planning for an offensive operation into Kuwait
SOUTHERN WATCH United States Central Command operations initiated after Gulf War to enforce United Nations "no-fly" restrictions in southern Iraq
SPAIN Gulf War VII Corps phase line
STALEMATE World War II invasion of the Palaus
STEEL BOX Removal of chemical weapons from Germany 26 June-22 September 1990
STEWART Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
STRANGLE World War II (March-May 1944) air operations to interdict the movement of Axis supplies in Italy
STRANGLE Korean War (1951) air operations to disrupt North Korean logistics by interdiction bombing
STURMFLUT World War II (19-22 February 1943) German operation by Field Marshal Rommel against the Kasserine Pass and Sbiba gap
SUNDIAL Korean War plan to establish the DULUTH defensive line
SUPERCHARGE World War II (November 1942) breakout by British 30 Corps in Egypt as part of Eighth Army's offensive in the Western Desert
SUPERCHARGE World War II (March 1943) revised plan for the assault on the Mereth Line
SUPER-GYMNAST World War II plan for Anglo-American invasion of French North Africa, combining US and British plans [often used interchangeably with GYMNAST]
SWITCHBACK Vietnam program November 1962-July 1963 in which the Army began assuming responsibility for the U.S. participation in the CIDG program
SWORD World War II code name for the assault beach at Normandy assigned to British 3d Division
SYMBOL World War II cover name for the Casablanca Conference (14-23 January 1943)
TALISMAN World War II name for early plan for post-hostilities activities in Germany
TALON World War II Akyab part of CAPITAL
TALONS Korean War outline plan for a ground offensive to bolster the Eighth Army's eastern front
TANGERINE Gulf War code name for a VII Corps phase line
TARZAN World War II India-based portion of the general offensive in Burma
TED World War II code name for a task force operating in the Aitape area of New Guinea
TERMINAL World War II (8 November 1942) operation in the harbor of Algiers
TERMINAL World War II code name for the Potsdam Conference (16 July-2 August 1945)
TEXAS XVIII Airborne Corps north-south main supply route in Iraq during DESERT STORM; extended from the vicinity of Rafha, Saudi Arabia, to As Salman, Iraq
TEXAS Gulf War VII Corps phase line
THESEUS World War II (1942) German plan for operations in Libya
THOMPSON Gulf War Tactical Assembly Area for 1st Armored Division
THUNDERBOLT World War II offensive in the Metz area
THUNDERBOLT Korean War (1951) reconnaissance in force operations up to the Han River
TIDALWAVE World War II code name for the 1943 low level attack on Ploesti, Rumania, by heavy bombers
TIGER World War II code name for one of the rehearsal exercises for OVERLORD
TOENAILS World War II operation to capture New Georgia
TOGO World War II second phase of the Japanese ICHIGO operation
TOMAHAWK Korean War (1951) airborne operation by the 187th Regimental Combat Team at Munsan-ni as part of Operation COURAGEOUS
TORCH World War II (November 1942) Allied invasion of northwest Africa
TOREADOR World War II airborne assault on Mandalay
TORNADO World War II operation to capture Wakde-Sarmi (1944)
TOUCHDOWN Korean War operation to gain control of Heartbreak Ridge
TRADEWIND World War II operation to capture Morotai (1944)
TRANSFIGURE World War II plan (cancelled) for airborne operations on the west side of the Seine River to block German escape routes
TREBOR Gulf War British name for Special Boat Service operation 28 February 1991 to reoccupy their embassy in Kuwait City
TRIDENT World War II cover name for the Washington Conference (12-25 May 1943)
TULSA World War II first outline plan by General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area, for operations directed at the capture of Rabaul
TUNGSTEN Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective
TWILIGHT World War II plan to base B-29 bombers in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations
TYPHOON World War II operation to capture Sansapor-Mar (1944) in New Guinea
ULTRA World War II signals intelligence derived from interception and decoding of German ENIGMA machine ciphers
UNDERTONE World War II (March-April 1945) offensive by Third and Seventh Armies to break through the West Wall and clear the Saar-Palatinate triangle (area within the Rhine, Moselle, and Lauter-Saar Rivers), and to secure a bridgehead east of the Rhine River in the vicinity of Worms
UPHOLD DEMOCRACY United States Atlantic Command permissive entry stability operation in Haiti, 1994-1995
URGENT FURY United States Atlantic Command invasion of Grenada, 1983
UTAH World War II code name for the assault beach at Normandy assigned to VII Corps
VANGUARD Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
VARSITY World War II First Allied Airborne Army operation for crossing of Rhine River in vicinity of Wesel, Germany, in 1945 in support of Operation PLUNDER
VERITABLE World War II Canadian First Army operation to clear the area between the Maas and Rhine Rivers
VERMONT Gulf War VII Corps phase line (Saudi Arabia-Iraq border)
VICTOR I World War II operation in Panay and Negros Occidental
VICTOR II World War II operation in Cebu, Bohol, and Negros Oriental
VICTOR III World War II Eighth Army operation against Palawan
VICTOR IV World War II Eighth Army operation against the Sulu Archipelago and the Zamboanga area of Mindanao
VICTOR V World War II Eighth Army operations against western Mindanao
VICTOR SQUARED September 1991 plan for possible evacuation of personnel from Haiti
VICTORY Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
VIKING Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps phase line
VIPER (FOB) Forward Operating Base (FOB) of the 101st Airborne Division in Iraq secured by deep air assault on 27 February 1991 during the preparations for the decisive engagement with the Republican Guard Forces Command near Basrah during DESERT STORM
VIRGINIA XVIII Airborne Corps east-west main supply route in Iraq during DESERT STORM
VULCAN World War II (6 May 1943) final Allied offensive to clear Axis forces from Tunisia, particularly the Cape Bon area
WATCHTOWER World War II operation to capture Guadalcanal and Tulagi (a sub-task of PERSECUTION)
WEBFOOT World War II rehearsal for SHINGLE
WHITE 6th (French) Light Armored Division's final objective (the town and airfield at As Salman, Iraq) during operation DESERT STORM while under the tactical control of XVIII Airborne Corps
WINTERGEWITTER World War II (26 December 1944) German limited objective counterattack against the IV Corps
WOLF Gulf War code name for an XVIII Airborne Corps area of operations
WOLFHOUND Korean War (1951) attack by the 25th Infantry Division in the Suwon-Osan area
WOP World War II (17 March 1943) opening attack by II Corps against Gafsa
WRANGLER Korean War plan to follow up CUDGEL with an amphibious operation on the east coast of Korea
YOKE World War II code word for all US organizations working with Y-Force in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations
ZEBRA World War II code word for US-sponsored Chinese division in east China
ZINC Gulf War name for 1st (United Kingdom) Armoured Division objective
ZIPPER World War II (1945) plan for assault on Malaya
With all the lame political correctness going around, we wouldn’t want to piss off Dracula, now would we?
Piss off girls with big boobs….
Piss off Jack the ripper…
Piss off Rosie O’Donnel…
Piss off Peter Gabriel…
^^^I’m just not gonna go there….
Godfather.
I think some of you are confusing yelling Geronimo with naming someone Geronimo.
i am suprised his nickname wasn't "gravy train" considering he has been a catalyst for the military-industrial complex receiving untold billions
It is terrifying when you are too stupid to know who is dumb
- Joe Rogan
Nope, yelling it or referencing the name is the same to me in this case. It was the mission name as well as a confirmation that the mission was completed. "Geronimo-E-KIA". Like I said, they could've called the mission my Moms name and I wouldn't care -- its just a word to identify something. I doubt they even thought about its meaning, that is why I can't agree that there was a problem....Geronimo, however, is often refereed to as a something positive like I said.
I didn't think it was a name given to anybody in this situation.
I think the understanding of some people is that it was the name given to bin Laden himself. And just because these things are the same to you, doesn't mean they are the same to others. I think it would be less offensive to call him your mom's name because your mom doesn't have a history of 500 years of continuing oppression by the U.S. government, and that's why it's easy for it to be "just a word" to you. I agree that they probably didn't think about it - and that IS the problem.
I see exactly what you're saying, and I just think the context is taken way over the top. And the people that are offended by this are just perpetuating it by claiming it to be derogatory. It was not intended as a substitute for bin ladens name.
You just reinforced something in one of your previous posts though that you didnt see any other cultural heros or oppressed people on Godfathers list, so maybe Geronimo is being put in a pool of positive labels.. I see things like Courageous, eureka, gold, Herkules, etc... I'd be honored if they used my name (or my Moms
Yeah, that might be the problem that they didnt hink about it (the name of the mission), but If the people naming this mission didnt have intentions/thoughts about it, then it is exactly what other people make of it...it can be positive, negative, or nothing.
Regarding it being intended as a substitute for bin Laden's name, I'm not sure that's accurate. I'm not 100% sure it's not, but I've heard it both ways.
I think the fact that no other cultural heros have been defiled in such a way actually gives even more reason for people to be upset. It's not like they can say it's common practice or something.
I see what you're saying about intention, and I used to lean moreso to that way of thinking. But, whether intended or not, they have offended an entire group of people. I think they need to apologize and learn from this mistake, not try to justify it & invalidate the perspectives of the people they offended. (I don't know that THEY are doing this, but others are sure doing it on their behalf.)
Since we're all about analogies today... imagine if I went around using "The N Word" with no malintention, and then a bunch of people said they were offended. Shouldn't I apologize & stop using it instead of just saying there's nothing wrong with the word & they shouldn't be so senstive?
Here's an interesting article about it. I think Tom Udall said it well: "It highlights a serious issue... a socially ingrained acceptance of derogatory portrayals of indigenous peoples."
And imagine being the grandson of Geronimo & this is specifically named for your grandfather?
haha, yeah -- it is bad analogy day!
Cant compare these two... Geronimo in itself is a mans name. The "N-word" is just derogatory from the get-go!
From the article you posted:
"Today the name is not only used as a motivational yell or as code in military missions, but also as an insignia for an Army brigade. The 1st Battalion Airborne, 501st Infantry Regiment, wears the insignia of the Native-American leader on its sleeves -- literally."
Then we've got to apologize for the Apache helicopter, the Cleveland indians, anytime I give something to someone and take it back...and on and on... (the last was a joke, reference to Seinfeld
I don't know, I guess we just have different opinions of this, so no need to keep going. I just recall the first time I heard that they codenamed it Geronimo, I thought it to be a positive reference.
So now we have U.S. Senators condemning the use of this code name. Good for them, but it seems like it's only Senators from states with large Native American populations that are speaking out. In the year 2011, it should be every single member of Congress speaking out against this type of injustice. It shoud have been that way in 1776 too, but you know...
Yeah, George Carlin was the man!
And I don't care about people yelling "Geronimo!!" when they jump in a pool or out of an airplane. I don't even know why that's done, but it's in no way similar to using his name as a code name for Osama bin Laden...WTF?!
quick, lets rename the cleveland and atlanta baseball franchises, as well as teh washington football franchise. :roll:
Oh you're a regular comedian, aren't you?
That's EXACTLY what I'm talking about! Thanks for explaining it better. :thumbup:
Not today Sir, Probably not tomorrow.............................................. bayfront arena st. pete '94
you're finally here and I'm a mess................................................... nationwide arena columbus '10
memories like fingerprints are slowly raising.................................... first niagara center buffalo '13
another man ..... moved by sleight of hand...................................... joe louis arena detroit '14
or why not rename the yankees to the new york negros?
or the utah jazz the utah mormons?
or the detroit red wings the detroit felons?
it is all the same thing.
"Well, you tell him that I don't talk to suckas."
i find the ny giants to be offensive. really?
Not today Sir, Probably not tomorrow.............................................. bayfront arena st. pete '94
you're finally here and I'm a mess................................................... nationwide arena columbus '10
memories like fingerprints are slowly raising.................................... first niagara center buffalo '13
another man ..... moved by sleight of hand...................................... joe louis arena detroit '14
If people keep crying wolf on things that do not really matter, soon no one is going to care, because everyone is offended at some time or another. Where is the tolerance you constantly preach
and wanted their land
so they exterminated most of them
a hundred plus years later
they learn more about the natives simple yet genius way of life
so americans "honor" them by naming sport teams after them
i think mostly, it was done with true respect
and in some instances, it was not (see fsu seminoles early days)
to say the chicago blackhawks is demeaning sounds silly to me
but maybe it does offend some
intent is not always everything
if the us did mean to paint geronimo in a negative light
that would be wrong
and if they did not
they are still guilty for associating good with evil
those who say "it's just a name" understand that names can demean entire races of people
they just do not care
there is a 10club member with a racist username
for about 5 years
and i've seen only 1 other person have an issue with this
i've asked 10club, kat, and sea why this is allowed
and have not recieved an answer
which is strange cause if 1 member calls another member a name
they lock that thread up with swift authority
but they allow a username to insult an entire race of people
so most people here either do not care or harbor much hate for other people
who "look" different from themselves
and that's just the way of the world
sad
RED ROCKS 6-19-95
AUGUSTA 9-26-96
MANSFIELD 9-15-98
BOSTON 9-29-04
BOSTON 5-25-06
MANSFIELD 6-30-08
EV SOLO BOSTON 8-01-08
BOSTON 5-17-10
EV SOLO BOSTON 6-16-11
PJ20 9-3-11
PJ20 9-4-11
WRIGLEY 7-19-13
WORCESTER 10-15-13
WORCESTER 10-16-13
HARTFORD 10-25-13
Yes, if cowboys generally felt offended by the name, it should be changed. They haven't, so it hasn't. But American Indians have frequently protested the use of their names for things non-native and we should honor their request. That's just simple respect. We commited genocide on them and now won't even give them simple decent respect. Pathetic.
:? Uh... "cowboy" is an occupation, not a race of oppressed & disrespected peoples. And I'm sure you think you're being very clever with the whole cowboys & Indians thing, but all the cowboys I know ARE Indians, so I think your comment is just ignorant all around. And I have never preached that we should tolerate the disrespect of others. :?
Same with the name, Operation Geronimo. The imperial mentality is so profound, throughout western society, that no one can perceive that they are glorifying bin Laden by identifying him with courageous resistance against genocidal invaders. It’s like naming our murder weapons after victims of our crimes: Apache, Tomahawk… It’s as if the Luftwaffe were to call its fighter planes “Jew” and “Gypsy.”