When Does Science Become Philosophy?

surferdudesurferdude Posts: 2,057
edited August 2007 in A Moving Train
When does science become philosophy?

Much of what goes on in science now is only tested theoretically. It can't be backed by real test data. At this point has it become more a philosophy than a science?

Fields where this is common;
Theoretical Physics,
The Determinism/Free Will Debate,
Environmental Sciences including Climate Change.
“One good thing about music,
when it hits you, you feel to pain.
So brutalize me with music.”
~ Bob Marley
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  • ByrnzieByrnzie Posts: 21,037
    Science has always been a philosophy of sorts. It is it's own perspective, limited by it's own chosen methods and paradigms.
  • godpt3godpt3 Posts: 1,020
    surferdude wrote:
    Fields where this is common;
    Theoretical Physics,
    The Determinism/Free Will Debate,
    Environmental Sciences including Climate Change.

    well, experimentation can take the form of both lab research AND empirical observations, so I'd argue that alot of the global warming stuff does in fact count as science. But there's huge controversy over whether or not stuff like string theory can currently be counted as science, since by it's very nature, the study of 11th dimension space isn't possible.


    And I'd argue that determinism/free will was never a science to begin with.
    "If all those sweet, young things were laid end to end, I wouldn't be the least bit surprised."
    —Dorothy Parker

    http://img210.imageshack.us/img210/6902/conspiracytheoriesxt6qt8.jpg
  • OutOfBreathOutOfBreath Posts: 1,804
    The question is really when philosophy becomes science. Also science is dependant on theoretical models and assumptions that can later be ascertained in other ways.

    Theoretical physics have a basis in observed astronomy, although they extrapolate alot from little materials. Free Will/Determinism is infact a philosophical debate. But environmental sciences are science. Not experimental, but very much empirical and based on observation. What little disagreement there are among climate-researchers is not about the data and the trends, but how it is interpreted.

    So 1 is science, but on flimsy material, 2 is philosophy, and 3 is definitely science. Shouldn't be lumped together like that.

    Peace
    Dan
    "YOU [humans] NEED TO BELIEVE IN THINGS THAT AREN'T TRUE. HOW ELSE CAN THEY BECOME?" - Death

    "Every judgment teeters on the brink of error. To claim absolute knowledge is to become monstrous. Knowledge is an unending adventure at the edge of uncertainty." - Frank Herbert, Dune, 1965
  • chopitdownchopitdown Posts: 2,222
    a lot of science is philosophy, esp when we use current data to hypothesize about something we cannot test. There are different levels of evidence in science and different weights that should be placed on science. Anytime you use retrospective data it can't be as strong as using prospective data. Using retrospective data allows for more speculation about changes and reason for "x". If you have prospective data and a control you can make a stronger case for why something works, changes etc... Science is supposed to be reproducible, a lot of the studies we have are reproducible, but the assumptions on which they are best cannot be truly controlled or identified. So in my opinion, if the data is not prospective you cannot justify cause or effect, you can just say "in this experiment we found" to extrapolate that to other things may be logical but that is where the philosophy of science comes in. By this I mean, you are saying something is this way even though you can't truly know it, you can only use conjecture (which can be very likely or very un-likely)
    make sure the fortune that you seek...is the fortune that you need
  • know1know1 Posts: 6,794
    surferdude wrote:
    When does science become philosophy?

    Much of what goes on in science now is only tested theoretically. It can't be backed by real test data. At this point has it become more a philosophy than a science?

    Fields where this is common;
    Theoretical Physics,
    The Determinism/Free Will Debate,
    Environmental Sciences including Climate Change.

    I think that, in essence, all science is philosophy.
    The only people we should try to get even with...
    ...are those who've helped us.

    Right 'round the corner could be bigger than ourselves.
  • barakabaraka Posts: 1,268
    To be considered science, it must abide by these rules. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method


    A philosophical concept is a logical conclusion based on human observations of things and events. However, folks tend to interpret these 'event and things' differently.

    As far as the topics you listed, I tend to agree with OutOfBreath. Environmental science is very much a science, although much more complicated than most think. Most physics is explained through very complex mathematics. The Hard determinism/free will thing is definitely a philosophy thing.
    The greatest obstacle to discovery is not ignorance,
    but the illusion of knowledge.
    ~Daniel Boorstin

    Only a life lived for others is worth living.
    ~Albert Einstein
  • cornnifercornnifer Posts: 2,130
    i've always thought of the two, science and philosophy, to be sister disciplines. What i mean is that for either of the two to be truly effective and meaningful, each relies on the other.
    "When all your friends and sedatives mean well but make it worse... better find yourself a place to level out."
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    When you don't understand them.
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    Philosophy concerns it's self with untestable theories. Using thought experiments and syllogisms.

    Science concerns it's self with testable theories. Using observable data.
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • surferdudesurferdude Posts: 2,057
    Ahnimus wrote:
    Science concerns it's self with testable theories. Using observable data.
    So theoretical physics is philosophy.

    How about climate change science? There's not even an accurate climate change model to work with at a theoretical level, so is it a science or philosophy?
    “One good thing about music,
    when it hits you, you feel to pain.
    So brutalize me with music.”
    ~ Bob Marley
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    surferdude wrote:
    So theoretical physics is philosophy.

    How about climate change science? There's not even an accurate climate change model to work with at a theoretical level, so is it a science or philosophy?

    Both theories begin with observable data. Climate change theories use ice cores amongst other things. Theoretical physics ultimately stems from Hamiltonian and Newtonian physics which are pretty well concrete.

    Everything in science must be demonstrated mathematically as well. In philosophy you have thought experiments alone.

    What is it like to be a bat?

    I don't know what it's like to be a bat.

    Then, can you know what it's like to be another human.

    No, I suppose I cannot.

    Do you believe in the philosopher's zombie?

    What's a philosopher's zombie?

    A human being who behaves like a normal human being but is not conscious.

    Hmm, well, in order for it to behave like a normal human, say, for example, to cringe at pain, the being would need to feel pain, and thus must be conscious. So no I don't believe in the philosopher's zombie.

    What about the prisoner's dillema?

    In the short term, it would appear that the detractors are better off, but in the long-term the cooperators will excel in numbers while the detractors fend for themselves. It appears as if, most of the human species consists of cooperators, since we've constructed societies that behave as such, but many detractors can still be found.

    None of the above philosophy uses observed data, it all uses ideas about what might be and very little of what actually is, and in many cases there is no citations of actual scientific papers in philosophy. But, at the same time, if something is proven in science, philosophers tend to shift their perspectives. This is not true for the Abrahamic faiths, but it is largely true for Buddhism and any secular philosophy.
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • surferdudesurferdude Posts: 2,057
    Ahnimus wrote:
    Both theories begin with observable data. Climate change theories use ice cores amongst other things. Theoretical physics ultimately stems from Hamiltonian and Newtonian physics which are pretty well concrete.
    Newtonian physics is solid because it's been tested.

    Given that every prediction of observable data has been wrong* and that there is no accurate climate model, can we say climate change is a science.

    *The ice “is going to remember that next year,” said Serreze. “Everything seems to be ahead of schedule and the models are all too slow. We’re on the fast track.” - Taken from an articel published today on Canada.com on the state of the NorthWest Passage - Yet another admission that there is no accurate climate change model, without the model there is not true testing. Without true testing is it a science?
    “One good thing about music,
    when it hits you, you feel to pain.
    So brutalize me with music.”
    ~ Bob Marley
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    surferdude wrote:
    Newtonian physics is solid because it's been tested.

    Given that every prediction of observable data has been wrong* and that there is no accurate climate model, can we say climate change is a science.

    *The ice “is going to remember that next year,” said Serreze. “Everything seems to be ahead of schedule and the models are all too slow. We’re on the fast track.” - Taken from an articel published today on Canada.com on the state of the NorthWest Passage - Yet another admission that there is no accurate climate change model, without the model there is not true testing. Without true testing is it a science?

    It's still science because it has observable data. Whether or not there is a workable hypothesis is something different.
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • surferdudesurferdude Posts: 2,057
    Ahnimus wrote:
    It's still science because it has observable data. Whether or not there is a workable hypothesis is something different.
    So do you think it would be unethical to publish science that was tested against a known inaccurate model?
    “One good thing about music,
    when it hits you, you feel to pain.
    So brutalize me with music.”
    ~ Bob Marley
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    surferdude wrote:
    So do you think it would be unethical to publish science that was tested against a known inaccurate model?

    It wouldn't if it's only purpose was to collect data. If it's using a known inaccurate model to prove a hypothesis, then I'd say it's probably unethical.

    Sort of like how they postulated dark matter to account for inaccuracies in big bang theory. Eventually they were able to observe dark matter, but now they've discovered a void a billion light years across that is challenging the theory of cosmic background radiation, which in turn threatens big bang theory. My hunch is, big bang theory is probably false, but being that it's science, it will eventually be proven false if it is, as the data comes in.
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    But, still, I don't think it takes a genius to see the difference between big bang thoery and the idea that there is no universe, only our view through a black pasta strainer.

    If you want to reduce science to the same level as "aliens exist" or "ghosts exist" then by all means, do it, but it won't stand up in court.
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • godpt3godpt3 Posts: 1,020
    surferdude wrote:
    So theoretical physics is philosophy.

    How about climate change science? There's not even an accurate climate change model to work with at a theoretical level, so is it a science or philosophy?

    Depends on what branch of theoretical physics you're talking about. If you haven't, read Brian Greene's Elegant Universe. Or, better yet, download the Nova miniseries based on it.


    As for climate change, we've got empirical data showing that the earth's temperature is rising. And we can observe that the glaciers are, in fact, melting. You don't really need models for that.
    "If all those sweet, young things were laid end to end, I wouldn't be the least bit surprised."
    —Dorothy Parker

    http://img210.imageshack.us/img210/6902/conspiracytheoriesxt6qt8.jpg
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    godpt3 wrote:
    If you haven't, read Brian Greene's Elegant Universe. Or, better yet, download the Nova miniseries based on it.

    http://video.google.ca/videosearch?q=the+elegant+universe
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • Bu2Bu2 Posts: 1,693
    For as many people who believe in a higher power and the creation theory, and who reject the big bang theory, there are as many people who don't believe in a higher power but believe in science. Yet science itself is beginning to sound almost as unbelievable as faith in God does.

    Just my 2 cents.
    Feels Good Inc.
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    Bu2 wrote:
    For as many people who believe in a higher power and the creation theory, and who reject the big bang theory, there are as many people who don't believe in a higher power but believe in science. Yet science itself is beginning to sound almost as unbelievable as faith in God does.

    Just my 2 cents.

    I like what that physicist says in that elegant universe

    "If it doesn't produce a testable hypothesis, then nobody should believe it." in regards to string theory.

    It's very tempting to believe in things. But as they say "string theory is not science" because it's not testable. I choose to believe in tested theories.
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • Bu2Bu2 Posts: 1,693
    Ahnimus wrote:
    I like what that physicist says in that elegant universe

    "If it doesn't produce a testable hypothesis, then nobody should believe it." in regards to string theory.

    It's very tempting to believe in things. But as they say "string theory is not science" because it's not testable. I choose to believe in tested theories.

    I, myself, don't believe God's been tested enough (although George W. Bush is certainly trying his best to test Him, heh heh). And some scientific theories haven't been tested enough either, as you say. That's why I believe in life as I know it, in the here and now, and get along by not pinning my hopes on anything else, either way.

    But -- *shrug* -- that's me.
    Feels Good Inc.
  • AhnimusAhnimus Posts: 10,560
    Bu2 wrote:
    I, myself, don't believe God's been tested enough (although George W. Bush is certainly trying his best to test Him, heh heh). And some scientific theories haven't been tested enough either, as you say. That's why I believe in life as I know it, in the here and now, and get along by not pinning my hopes on anything else, either way.

    But -- *shrug* -- that's me.

    I feel the same way about Quantum Mechanics.

    It just seems like they found a mathematical model that works, but doesn't necessarily describe reality exactly.

    Some things, like, If you get hit by a truck, it's gonna mess you up, work without QM theories. Everyone knows that will happen, regardless of quantum events. For the most part we don't need that stuff to live our lives. But it all has it's place, and I prefer QM to nothing..
    I necessarily have the passion for writing this, and you have the passion for condemning me; both of us are equally fools, equally the toys of destiny. Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth, and to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire
  • Bu2Bu2 Posts: 1,693
    Ahnimus wrote:
    I feel the same way about Quantum Mechanics.

    It just seems like they found a mathematical model that works, but doesn't necessarily describe reality exactly.

    Some things, like, If you get hit by a truck, it's gonna mess you up, work without QM theories. Everyone knows that will happen, regardless of quantum events. For the most part we don't need that stuff to live our lives. But it all has it's place, and I prefer QM to nothing..

    your right.
    Feels Good Inc.
  • surferdudesurferdude Posts: 2,057
    godpt3 wrote:
    As for climate change, we've got empirical data showing that the earth's temperature is rising. And we can observe that the glaciers are, in fact, melting. You don't really need models for that.
    I'll add to that the quote Anhimus refered to:
    I like what that physicist says in that elegant universe

    "If it doesn't produce a testable hypothesis, then nobody should believe it."

    Show me a testable global climate change hypothesis that has been successfully tested in an accurate climate model and shows man's impact on the changing climate. That's all I want to see. As there is no accurate climate model there's been no real testing in my books. Without testing it's not science.

    Man's impact on climate change is more a philosophy than science. It is just as scary to have social and economic policy being driven by this philosophy as it is to have policy driven by religious ideaology.
    “One good thing about music,
    when it hits you, you feel to pain.
    So brutalize me with music.”
    ~ Bob Marley
  • Bu2Bu2 Posts: 1,693
    by saying that it's: e.e.cummings

    And not E.E. Cummings.

    No offense, surferdude, but it was a big thing to cummings to remain in non-caps. A very big thing.

    Peace,
    Bu
    Feels Good Inc.
  • surferdudesurferdude Posts: 2,057
    Bu2 wrote:
    by saying that it's: e.e.cummings

    And not E.E. Cummings.

    No offense, surferdude, but it was a big thing to cummings to remain in non-caps. A very big thing.

    Peace,
    Bu
    I knew that about e.e., I just thought it was pretty pretentious of him.
    “One good thing about music,
    when it hits you, you feel to pain.
    So brutalize me with music.”
    ~ Bob Marley
  • KannKann Posts: 1,146
    surferdude wrote:
    I'll add to that the quote Anhimus refered to:
    I like what that physicist says in that elegant universe

    "If it doesn't produce a testable hypothesis, then nobody should believe it."

    That a radical assertion for something that is not always right (like life science).
    Show me a testable global climate change hypothesis that has been successfully tested in an accurate climate model and shows man's impact on the changing climate. That's all I want to see. As there is no accurate climate model there's been no real testing in my books. Without testing it's not science.
    See link on the post above
    Man's impact on climate change is more a philosophy than science. It is just as scary to have social and economic policy being driven by this philosophy as it is to have policy driven by religious ideaology.

    This is a little bit of bs. What is capitalism if not a philosophy that just drives our social and economic policies? The weak thought that the market will regulate itself and make everything fine and dandy for everyone. This wonderful idea, spawned 200 years ago, now regulates and dictates our lives, though it definitely never has been tested and/or observed on global scales.

    A few centuries ago science = philosophy. Today science is just a word to design a method used to observe the world with very strict rules. If your observations and/or theories obey these rules then it is science. If you wish your theory would obey these rules but have no way to do it then it's philosophy till a way is found, and if it doesn't follow the rules for convienence purpose then it's neither science nor philosophy.
    Evolution (on a large scale) has not been demonstrated mathematically or in a very limited fashion, it is very much a scientific theory though. And major economical decisions are taken everyday using this theory.
  • ByrnzieByrnzie Posts: 21,037
    Ahnimus wrote:
    Philosophy concerns it's self with untestable theories. Using thought experiments and syllogisms.

    Science concerns it's self with testable theories. Using observable data.

    Philosophy concerns itself with testing theories against the measurement of logic, reason.
    Science concerns itself with producing theories about the world and then defending the methods by which the theory itself was created.

    '...scientific statements are subject to and derived from our experiences or observations. Scientific hypotheses are developed and tested through empirical methods consisting of observations and experiments. Once reproduced widely enough, the information resulting from our observations and experiments counts as the evidence upon which the scientific community develops theories that purport to explain facts about the world.

    Observations involve perception, and so are themselves cognitive acts. That is, observations are themselves embedded in our understanding of the way in which the world works; as this understanding changes, the observations themselves may apparently change. More accurately, our interpretation of observations may change.'
  • ByrnzieByrnzie Posts: 21,037
    Ahnimus wrote:
    "If it doesn't produce a testable hypothesis, then nobody should believe it." in regards to string theory.

    Depends what methods are being used to 'test' any theory. Ultimately, human cognition gets in the way. Philosophers attempt to understand those aspects of the world that science cannot reach. A bit like Heineken lager. Although personally, I'd rather drink Kronenbourg.
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