Health Care Law Declared UNCONSTITUTIONAL

Best of TimesBest of Times Posts: 296
edited December 2010 in A Moving Train
Health Care Law Declared UNCONSTITUTIONAL by Federal Judge in VA.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101213/ap_ ... l_virginia

Ouch. Expect this one to go all the way to US Supreme Court, but this isn't a good sign for fans of this legislation.

It is unconstitutional for the Fed to mandate that a private citizen purchase a product, good or service.

It's 101 stuff.

ADDED: Obamacare support hit ALL-TIME low!!!

http://www.examiner.com/republican-in-w ... l-time-low
Post edited by Unknown User on

Comments

  • Godfather.Godfather. Posts: 12,504
    Health Care Law Declared UNCONSTITUTIONAL by Federal Judge in VA.

    http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101213/ap_ ... l_virginia

    Ouch. Expect this one to go all the way to US Supreme Court, but this isn't a good sign for fans of this legislation.

    It is unconstitutional for the Fed to mandate that a private citizen purchase a product, good or service.

    It's 101 stuff.

    :thumbup:

    Godfather.
  • it's also a law that you must carry a certain amount of auto insurance to be able to drive a car, but that's not being challenged.
  • Godfather.Godfather. Posts: 12,504
    it's also a law that you must carry a certain amount of auto insurance to be able to drive a car, but that's not being challenged.

    I was thinking that very same thing but I also thought auto insurance covers the victims in a crash so that is a little scetchy.....but then again the insurance company's almost force you to buy "uninsured motorist coverage"
    what is a crock of shit in my opinion.

    Godfather.
  • mikepegg44mikepegg44 Posts: 3,353
    it's also a law that you must carry a certain amount of auto insurance to be able to drive a car, but that's not being challenged.


    that is state law...10th amendment grants the states police powers...not the federal government.
    that’s right! Can’t we all just get together and focus on our real enemies: monogamous gays and stem cells… - Ned Flanders
    It is terrifying when you are too stupid to know who is dumb
    - Joe Rogan
  • it's also a law that you must carry a certain amount of auto insurance to be able to drive a car, but that's not being challenged.

    That's a STATE LAW.

    BIG difference.
  • it's also a law that you must carry a certain amount of auto insurance to be able to drive a car, but that's not being challenged.


    Maybe Congress can get that overturned, too...especially at the rate they are undermining state sovereignties.
    Bristow, VA (5/13/10)
  • mikepegg44 wrote:
    it's also a law that you must carry a certain amount of auto insurance to be able to drive a car, but that's not being challenged.


    that is state law...10th amendment grants the states police powers...not the federal government.

    are there any states that don't require it? may as well be a federal law.
  • mikepegg44mikepegg44 Posts: 3,353
    mikepegg44 wrote:
    it's also a law that you must carry a certain amount of auto insurance to be able to drive a car, but that's not being challenged.


    that is state law...10th amendment grants the states police powers...not the federal government.

    are there any states that don't require it? may as well be a federal law.

    wisconsin didn't up until last year I believe...not sure about now. I do know that each state has varying requirements
    that’s right! Can’t we all just get together and focus on our real enemies: monogamous gays and stem cells… - Ned Flanders
    It is terrifying when you are too stupid to know who is dumb
    - Joe Rogan
  • BinauralJamBinauralJam Posts: 14,158
    This is Awesome, maybe it can be overturned before going into effect.
  • mikepegg44mikepegg44 Posts: 3,353
    This is Awesome, maybe it can be overturned before going into effect.

    they will just take out, or change the language and tie Medicaid/medicare funding to a states requirement of purchase of insurance...similar to highway funding and drinking age

    from wiki:
    Federal Uniform Drinking Age Act, was passed on July 17, 1984 by the United States Congress as a mechanism whereby all states would become thereafter required to legislate and enforce the age of 21 years as a minimum age for purchasing and publicly possessing alcoholic beverages. Under the Federal Aid Highway Act, a state not enforcing the minimum age would be subjected to a ten percent decrease in its annual federal highway apportionment.

    it will happen one way or another...they should just go single payor system and quit this nonsense
    that’s right! Can’t we all just get together and focus on our real enemies: monogamous gays and stem cells… - Ned Flanders
    It is terrifying when you are too stupid to know who is dumb
    - Joe Rogan
  • mikepegg44 wrote:
    This is Awesome, maybe it can be overturned before going into effect.

    they will just take out, or change the language and tie Medicaid/medicare funding to a states requirement of purchase of insurance...similar to highway funding and drinking age

    from wiki:
    Federal Uniform Drinking Age Act, was passed on July 17, 1984 by the United States Congress as a mechanism whereby all states would become thereafter required to legislate and enforce the age of 21 years as a minimum age for purchasing and publicly possessing alcoholic beverages. Under the Federal Aid Highway Act, a state not enforcing the minimum age would be subjected to a ten percent decrease in its annual federal highway apportionment.

    it will happen one way or another...they should just go single payor system and quit this nonsense

    Yeah... it's just going to be an ugly partisan bickering fight that pays a lot of lawyers for a lot of hours of work... in the end, the federal gov't will change some language or like the drinking age/highway funding, add some strings to the federal medicare money or whatever...
    My whole life
    was like a picture
    of a sunny day
    “We can complain because rose bushes have thorns, or rejoice because thorn bushes have roses.”
    ― Abraham Lincoln
  • mikepegg44 wrote:

    wisconsin didn't up until last year I believe...not sure about now. I do know that each state has varying requirements

    cool, thanks.
  • ADDED: Obamacare support hit ALL-TIME low!!!

    http://www.examiner.com/republican-in-w ... l-time-low

    How can anyone say with a straight face that this is poular or necessary?
  • ADDED: Obamacare support hit ALL-TIME low!!!

    http://www.examiner.com/republican-in-w ... l-time-low

    How can anyone say with a straight face that this is poular or necessary?

    Well, something does need to be done with health insurance... For those of us with coverage (through our jobs), premiums are rising every year and coverage is dropping. I think most of us can see that with our own insurance. And for those without full time jobs, it can be very hard and very expensive to get coverage.

    But this bloated bill doesn't do a whole lot to help either of those issues...


    Why we can't just get to a single payer system is beyond me... well, I guess the billions and billions of dollars that private insurance companies pay our political system assures that will never happen. Health insurance companies piss me off to no end... Most of the money we pay them for health coverage goes to marketing, doctor payoffs, political fights and huge executive compensation... but the right still claims that somehow the private sector is more efficient then the gov't would be. Go figure...
    My whole life
    was like a picture
    of a sunny day
    “We can complain because rose bushes have thorns, or rejoice because thorn bushes have roses.”
    ― Abraham Lincoln
  • ADDED: Obamacare support hit ALL-TIME low!!!

    http://www.examiner.com/republican-in-w ... l-time-low

    How can anyone say with a straight face that this is poular or necessary?

    Well, something does need to be done with health insurance... For those of us with coverage (through our jobs), premiums are rising every year and coverage is dropping. I think most of us can see that with our own insurance. And for those without full time jobs, it can be very hard and very expensive to get coverage.

    But this bloated bill doesn't do a whole lot to help either of those issues...


    Why we can't just get to a single payer system is beyond me... well, I guess the billions and billions of dollars that private insurance companies pay our political system assures that will never happen. Health insurance companies piss me off to no end... Most of the money we pay them for health coverage goes to marketing, doctor payoffs, political fights and huge executive compensation... but the right still claims that somehow the private sector is more efficient then the gov't would be. Go figure...

    The government is efficient? Seriously????
    This is the same government now in debt for 12 trillion dollars.... :roll:
    Bristow, VA (5/13/10)
  • CosmoCosmo Posts: 12,225
    Okay...
    so... questions...
    What happens to people that don't have Health Care Insurance?
    Should they get treatment?
    Should they be left to die?
    What if they do get treatment and be billed?
    What if they can't and/or won't pay the bill? What happens to them? Nothing?
    ...
    Also, should we continue to let insurance companies collect premiums for years... then, drop the claimant if he/she files a claim?
    Should we continue to let insurance company accountants decide who get coverage and who doesn't?
    Should we continue with the status quo and let the costs of Health Care affect all of us?
    What would you like to see Health Care in America look like?
    ...
    You all seem to have opinions... can you answer my questions, please?
    Allen Fieldhouse, home of the 2008 NCAA men's Basketball Champions! Go Jayhawks!
    Hail, Hail!!!
  • mikepegg44mikepegg44 Posts: 3,353
    Cosmo wrote:
    Okay...
    so... questions...
    What happens to people that don't have Health Care Insurance? not sure what you mean, normally they are seen in an emergency room or they pay out of pocket for clinic visits
    Should they get treatment? yes.
    Should they be left to die? no.
    What if they do get treatment and be billed? Yes they should pay for the treatments.
    What if they can't and/or won't pay the bill? What happens to them? Nothing? Same as any other bill they get bad credit I suppose also my guess is if it is enough money they get judgments against them and then liens are put in place to garnish wages or worse. Also, states like Minnesota have medicaid programs for emergency medical services that cost a lot of money. for instance, surgeries, accidents, traumatic brain injuries and the like. It can be applied for after the fact.
    ...
    Also, should we continue to let insurance companies collect premiums for years... then, drop the claimant if he/she files a claim? Insurance companies are bad at business and if it wasn't for the protection of the fed/state governments, they would have been out of business long ago.
    Should we continue to let insurance company accountants decide who get coverage and who doesn't? Someone will always be making that decision, no matter who is paying.
    Should we continue with the status quo and let the costs of Health Care affect all of us? No, we should absolutely change, first by changing what is legal in regards to covering your insured patients, and secondly by opening up the restrictions and allowing health insurance to cross state lines
    What would you like to see Health Care in America look like? single payer, but with it now next to impossible, I would like there to be competition across state lines, or more knowledge in the market about the benefits of a Health Savings Account type of plan. Tax benefits to employers who provide their employees with an outstanding set of benefits. I would like to see many things done differently, but I do not pretend to know how to make all the proper changes, I just know this bill in its current form will do nothing to stop rising premiums and protect the consumer.
    ...
    You all seem to have opinions... can you answer my questions, please? I did my best
    that’s right! Can’t we all just get together and focus on our real enemies: monogamous gays and stem cells… - Ned Flanders
    It is terrifying when you are too stupid to know who is dumb
    - Joe Rogan
  • THEY DONT GIVE A SHIT
    they are just greedy people who do not care for others, only themselves.
    Hey their company paid their insurance etc. who cares if that young boy down the road has a disease. They dont
    I think its sick and quite indicative of american society
    ME FIRST YoU GET THE FUCK OUT OF MY WAY
    Cosmo wrote:
    Okay...
    so... questions...
    What happens to people that don't have Health Care Insurance?
    Should they get treatment?
    Should they be left to die?
    What if they do get treatment and be billed?
    What if they can't and/or won't pay the bill? What happens to them? Nothing?
    ...
    Also, should we continue to let insurance companies collect premiums for years... then, drop the claimant if he/she files a claim?
    Should we continue to let insurance company accountants decide who get coverage and who doesn't?
    Should we continue with the status quo and let the costs of Health Care affect all of us?
    What would you like to see Health Care in America look like?
    ...
    You all seem to have opinions... can you answer my questions, please?
    AUSSIE AUSSIE AUSSIE
  • ADDED: Obamacare support hit ALL-TIME low!!!

    http://www.examiner.com/republican-in-w ... l-time-low

    How can anyone say with a straight face that this is poular or necessary?

    Well, something does need to be done with health insurance... For those of us with coverage (through our jobs), premiums are rising every year and coverage is dropping. I think most of us can see that with our own insurance. And for those without full time jobs, it can be very hard and very expensive to get coverage.

    But this bloated bill doesn't do a whole lot to help either of those issues...


    Why we can't just get to a single payer system is beyond me... well, I guess the billions and billions of dollars that private insurance companies pay our political system assures that will never happen. Health insurance companies piss me off to no end... Most of the money we pay them for health coverage goes to marketing, doctor payoffs, political fights and huge executive compensation... but the right still claims that somehow the private sector is more efficient then the gov't would be. Go figure...

    The government is efficient? Seriously????
    This is the same government now in debt for 12 trillion dollars.... :roll:


    I never said they didn't spend too much money, but if we're talking about dollars spent vs health care services provided, then yes the government would be much more efficient.
    My whole life
    was like a picture
    of a sunny day
    “We can complain because rose bushes have thorns, or rejoice because thorn bushes have roses.”
    ― Abraham Lincoln
  • unsungunsung I stopped by on March 7 2024. First time in many years, had to update payment info. Hope all is well. Politicians suck. Bye. Posts: 9,487
    I still baffled as to why the unions, that supported and drove this into law, are now applying to opt out of it.

    Anyone know?
  • Boxes&BooksBoxes&Books USA Posts: 2,672
    Is anyone surprised by this? The part related to the Judge and his affiliates.
    Video is 7 minutes long..... it's pretty good info....


    http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3036677/#40650319
  • it's also a law that you must carry a certain amount of auto insurance to be able to drive a car, but that's not being challenged.


    Read and learn...

    http://www.antemedius.com/content/indiv ... onal-power I
    Finally, proponents of the mandate often cite the fact that states require drivers to purchase auto insurance as justifying a federal individual mandate for health insurance. This is a facile comparison that ignores the constitutional differences between federal and state authority to regulate. As noted above, Congress can only legislate when there is a specific provision of Article I of the Constitution that authorizes it to enact that type of law. Conversely, the states have virtually unlimited legislative authority to pass laws that foster the public welfare, health and safety. Driving is a privilege, and the states are free to impose any reasonable condition on the exercise of that privilege that they choose. In any event, the states have limited the auto insurance requirement to the purchase of liability insurance to cover injuries sustained by third parties. No state requires drivers to purchase insurance to cover their own injuries.

    For single-payer advocates, a very powerful argument is that, while the individual mandate to purchase private health insurance is unconstitutional, Congress can lawfully tax to support a government financed health insurance program. Article I empowers Congress to use its taxing powers in support of government programs that foster the public welfare; this is the constitutional authority for Social Security and Medicare. But to extend that authority to requiring Americans to purchase a private commodity raises profound civil liberties issues. If Congress can compel the purchase of insurance from a for profit insurance company, it can compel the purchase of any commodity if there is an arguable public policy to support it. The auto industry is collapsing? Forget Cash for Clunkers, just order Americans to buy cars or tax them if they don't. Obesity crisis? Order Americans to join health clubs, or tax them if they don't. If Congress gets away with this, there is no stopping point and Big Business will have succeeded in making Americans into involuntary consumers whenever it so chooses.


    and for those of you that say it falls under the commerce clause...


    Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution grants Congress the power “[t]o regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes.” Therefore, in order for Congress to have the authority to require Americans to purchase health insurance, the purchase of health insurance must constitute “commerce” within the meaning of the Commerce Clause. It does not.

    In 1982, the Supreme Court declared that, in order for a commodity to be considered an article in commerce, it must be capable of being sold. Sporhase v. Nebraska, 458 U.S. 941 at 949 -- 950 (1982). While there is no doubt that the sale of health insurance by an insurer constitutes commerce, it does not follow that the purchase – or more precisely, the failure to purchase – health insurance by a consumer also constitutes commerce. Health insurance, once purchased by a consumer, is not capable of being further sold in commerce because there is no market for it; who would purchase a health insurance policy naming someone else as the insured?

    In order to understand the point better, it might be helpful to contrast health insurance with life insurance. Because paid-up life insurance has a cash value, an industry has developed in purchasing life insurance benefits from terminally ill patients. Known as viatical settlement companies, they will pay a percentage of the value of an insurance policy to a terminally ill patient if the corporation is named as the beneficiary of the policy. The patient gets the cash up front, to pay medical bills or to support his family, and the corporation makes a profit on its investment when the insured dies. Because there is a market for life insurance benefits, the purchase of those benefits may be regulated under the Commerce Clause to make sure that the patient is not coerced by the Tony Soprano Benevolent Society to name it as beneficiary.

    But there is no market for health insurance benefits once the policy is issued. No one would buy my health insurance, because no one other than I can derive any benefit from it. Since there is no market, health insurance is not an article of commerce once issued. If it is not an article of commerce, Congress lacks authority under the Commerce Clause to require me to purchase it.

    There are two Supreme Court cases that proponents of the individual mandate often cite in support of their position that Congress may require individuals to purchase health insurance. The first case involved government regulation of the amount of acreage used by farmers to grow wheat. A farmer who was fined for exceeding his acreage allotment challenged the fine, asserting that since he was using the excess acreage for personal consumption (he used it either to feed his chickens or to make bread for his family), Congress lacked authority under the Commerce Clause to regulate that excess acreage. The Court rejected this argument, pointing out that even wheat grown for personal consumption is marketable and that therefore the farmer’s excess acreage affected the supply and demand for wheat in interstate commerce. Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 at 137 (1942). Using similar reasoning, the Supreme Court recently affirmed congressional authority under the Commerce Clause to regulate the production and use of marijuana as applied to individuals who personally use marijuana for medicinal purposes under state laws that legalize such use. Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005). Again, Congress had commerce clause authority to regulate personal consumption in this context because marijuana for home consumption is “a fungible commodity for which there is an established, albeit illegal, interstate market.” 545 U.S. at 18.

    Unlike wheat or marijuana, health insurance is not a fungible commodity and is therefore not marketable. Again, no one would purchase my health insurance – it is personal to me and cannot be sold for any price
  • inmytreeinmytree Posts: 4,741
    this is fantastic...

    Now my premiums can continue to rise and rise to cover the cost for those who receive care and won't be able to pay for it...

    gotta love those activist judges.... :lol:
  • so what's the answer? clearly what we have now is not working.

    i really hope that people realize that while they have been so hell bent on shouting down the public option, all they have been doing is lobbying to keep pouring money into the pockets of insurance companies who have been the ones rationing healthcare that we have today. the health insurance companies do not care about you. if they did they would not focus so much of their time trying to get out of paying claims and compromising yours and your families health.

    you don't trust the government to look after your health and yet you trust the health insurance companies who deny coverage and then find an excuse to cancel your coverage as soon as you get sick. for serious?

    what's the good of having some of the best doctors and facilities in the world if the people don't have access to them in a timely and affordable manner?
  • Jason PJason P Posts: 19,158
    The Health Care law continues to be one of the most perplexing major issues for me to analyze. I can't trust most of the information on how it will affect me because both sides are fighting to make is sound great or evil.

    The only thing that I know is true is that you will now be forced to have healthcare. But, we still have the same healthcare system, correct? Same lawsuits, same insurers, same everything ... and everyone is in agreement that the current system has major issues, correct?

    Does the healthcare law actually attempt to improve the system or is it just forcing everyone to have health care?
    It's not giving us free healthcare is it?
    Does it limit malpractice awards?
    Does it lower the cost of prescription medicine?
    Does it free businesses of some of the financial burden of providing insurance?
    Will it make healthcare more affordable?
    Be Excellent To Each Other
    Party On, Dudes!
  • unsung wrote:
    I still baffled as to why the unions, that supported and drove this into law, are now applying to opt out of it.

    Anyone know?


    Because it's a shitty deal.
  • ShawshankShawshank Posts: 1,018
    I think many people were, and still are duped by the myth that this law was going to somehow make insurance more affordable and allow everyone to have coverage with very little out of pocket expense. Some people I know were excited because they felt this was finally a crackdown on the insurance companies. Then when the few marbles they still have rolling around finally clicked together, they realized that this law was nothing more than a gravy train for insurance. I mean think about it, there are millions of people uninsured because they either don't want to spend the money on insurance, don't think they need it, or they don't have the money. These people would then be mandated to carry insurance. How is this not a good thing for the insurance companies??

    The best thing that could ever happen with health care is to allow insurance companies to do commerce across state lines, and additionally implement some regulation that prevents them from dropping clients because they get sick. So if I want to buy insurance from a provider in Colorado, I can. Also, you'd avoid hassles if you moved out of state and had a pre-existing condition. By opening up the market place, you'd also encourage competition. Look at auto insurance commercials as an example of an open insurance market. These commercials not only focus on price, but also ancillary features like: "we pay the fastest", "we reward you for not getting into an accident", "we have the lowest rates", "we'll give you a rental car", "we won't drop you if you have an accident". Now imagine that being the case for health insurance, which it can be if the market place wasn't so closed to specific localities.
  • prfctlefts wrote:
    it's also a law that you must carry a certain amount of auto insurance to be able to drive a car, but that's not being challenged.


    Read and learn...

    http://www.antemedius.com/content/indiv ... onal-power I
    Finally, proponents of the mandate often cite the fact that states require drivers to purchase auto insurance as justifying a federal individual mandate for health insurance. This is a facile comparison that ignores the constitutional differences between federal and state authority to regulate. As noted above, Congress can only legislate when there is a specific provision of Article I of the Constitution that authorizes it to enact that type of law. Conversely, the states have virtually unlimited legislative authority to pass laws that foster the public welfare, health and safety. Driving is a privilege, and the states are free to impose any reasonable condition on the exercise of that privilege that they choose. In any event, the states have limited the auto insurance requirement to the purchase of liability insurance to cover injuries sustained by third parties. No state requires drivers to purchase insurance to cover their own injuries.

    For single-payer advocates, a very powerful argument is that, while the individual mandate to purchase private health insurance is unconstitutional, Congress can lawfully tax to support a government financed health insurance program. Article I empowers Congress to use its taxing powers in support of government programs that foster the public welfare; this is the constitutional authority for Social Security and Medicare. But to extend that authority to requiring Americans to purchase a private commodity raises profound civil liberties issues. If Congress can compel the purchase of insurance from a for profit insurance company, it can compel the purchase of any commodity if there is an arguable public policy to support it. The auto industry is collapsing? Forget Cash for Clunkers, just order Americans to buy cars or tax them if they don't. Obesity crisis? Order Americans to join health clubs, or tax them if they don't. If Congress gets away with this, there is no stopping point and Big Business will have succeeded in making Americans into involuntary consumers whenever it so chooses.


    and for those of you that say it falls under the commerce clause...


    Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution grants Congress the power “[t]o regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes.” Therefore, in order for Congress to have the authority to require Americans to purchase health insurance, the purchase of health insurance must constitute “commerce” within the meaning of the Commerce Clause. It does not.

    In 1982, the Supreme Court declared that, in order for a commodity to be considered an article in commerce, it must be capable of being sold. Sporhase v. Nebraska, 458 U.S. 941 at 949 -- 950 (1982). While there is no doubt that the sale of health insurance by an insurer constitutes commerce, it does not follow that the purchase – or more precisely, the failure to purchase – health insurance by a consumer also constitutes commerce. Health insurance, once purchased by a consumer, is not capable of being further sold in commerce because there is no market for it; who would purchase a health insurance policy naming someone else as the insured?

    In order to understand the point better, it might be helpful to contrast health insurance with life insurance. Because paid-up life insurance has a cash value, an industry has developed in purchasing life insurance benefits from terminally ill patients. Known as viatical settlement companies, they will pay a percentage of the value of an insurance policy to a terminally ill patient if the corporation is named as the beneficiary of the policy. The patient gets the cash up front, to pay medical bills or to support his family, and the corporation makes a profit on its investment when the insured dies. Because there is a market for life insurance benefits, the purchase of those benefits may be regulated under the Commerce Clause to make sure that the patient is not coerced by the Tony Soprano Benevolent Society to name it as beneficiary.

    But there is no market for health insurance benefits once the policy is issued. No one would buy my health insurance, because no one other than I can derive any benefit from it. Since there is no market, health insurance is not an article of commerce once issued. If it is not an article of commerce, Congress lacks authority under the Commerce Clause to require me to purchase it.

    There are two Supreme Court cases that proponents of the individual mandate often cite in support of their position that Congress may require individuals to purchase health insurance. The first case involved government regulation of the amount of acreage used by farmers to grow wheat. A farmer who was fined for exceeding his acreage allotment challenged the fine, asserting that since he was using the excess acreage for personal consumption (he used it either to feed his chickens or to make bread for his family), Congress lacked authority under the Commerce Clause to regulate that excess acreage. The Court rejected this argument, pointing out that even wheat grown for personal consumption is marketable and that therefore the farmer’s excess acreage affected the supply and demand for wheat in interstate commerce. Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 at 137 (1942). Using similar reasoning, the Supreme Court recently affirmed congressional authority under the Commerce Clause to regulate the production and use of marijuana as applied to individuals who personally use marijuana for medicinal purposes under state laws that legalize such use. Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005). Again, Congress had commerce clause authority to regulate personal consumption in this context because marijuana for home consumption is “a fungible commodity for which there is an established, albeit illegal, interstate market.” 545 U.S. at 18.

    Unlike wheat or marijuana, health insurance is not a fungible commodity and is therefore not marketable. Again, no one would purchase my health insurance – it is personal to me and cannot be sold for any price

    Well said... :clap::clap:
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